{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiifapi/101357000/manifest.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":[{"@value":"e国宝 - 伎楽面","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"e-Museum - 伎楽面","@language":"en"},{"@value":"e国宝 - 伎楽面","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"e국보 - 伎楽面","@language":"ko"}],"metadata":[{"label":[{"@value":"指定区分","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Designation","@language":"en"},{"@value":"指定等级","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"문화재 지정 구분","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"重要文化財","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Important Cultural Property","@language":"en"},{"@value":"重要文化财","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"중요문화재","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"分野","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Category","@language":"en"},{"@value":"类别","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"분야","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"彫刻","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Sculpture","@language":"en"},{"@value":"雕刻","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"조각","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"名称よみ","@language":"ja"}],"value":[{"@value":"ぎがくめん","@language":"ja"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"指定名称","@language":"ja"}],"value":[{"@value":"木造伎楽面　上牛甘作","@language":"ja"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"作者","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"作者","@language":"zh"}],"value":[{"@value":"上牛甘か","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"上牛甘？","@language":"zh"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"作者よみ","@language":"ja"}],"value":[{"@value":"かみのうしかいさくか","@language":"ja"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"員数","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"数量","@language":"zh"}],"value":[{"@value":"1面","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"1面","@language":"zh"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"品質形状","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Media","@language":"en"},{"@value":"材质形状","@language":"zh"}],"value":[{"@value":"木造彩色","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Wood with pigments","@language":"en"},{"@value":"木造彩色","@language":"zh"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"法量","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"尺寸","@language":"zh"}],"value":[{"@value":"縦37.6cm　横23.2cm","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"纵37.6cm 横23.2cm","@language":"zh"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"時代・世紀","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"年代・世纪","@language":"zh"}],"value":[{"@value":"奈良時代・8世紀","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"奈良时代、8世纪","@language":"zh"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"所蔵者","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Owner","@language":"en"},{"@value":"收藏家","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"소장자","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"京都国立博物館","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Kyoto National Museum","@language":"en"},{"@value":"京都国立博物馆","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"교토국립박물관","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"各館作品番号","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Collection reference no.","@language":"en"},{"@value":"机构管理序号","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"기관관리번호","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"C甲7","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"C甲7","@language":"en"},{"@value":"C甲7","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"C甲7","@language":"ko"}]}],"description":[{"@value":"　迦楼羅はガルダというインドの聖なる鳥で、かの地ではヴィシュヌ神の乗り物とされる。それが仏教に取り入れられ守護神となった。本来は毒蛇を食べて退治するのだが、伎楽の中ではみみずをついばむ、やや滑稽な役を演じる。\r\n　本面は面裏に「上牛甘」か、とよめる墨書がある。正倉院伝来の面袋にも、同人の名前が記されており、本面も東大寺の大仏開眼会で用いられた仮面とみられる。上牛甘は上牛養とも書き、奈良時代中ごろに活躍した画工。東大寺大仏殿の天井の彩色にもたずさわったことでしられる。なお、大仏開眼会は仏誕会の四月八日ではなく、なぜかその翌日の九日に行われているが、巷説では雨天のため順延したと伝える。\r\n　本面裏には「綱封蔵／華厳□」という墨書もあり、大仏開眼会に用いられたあとは綱封蔵に移され、華厳会のための仮面として転用されたことがわかる。奈良時代の彩色彫刻は、彩色を施したあとに荏胡麻などの油を塗ったものがあることが、近年の科学調査の成果で指摘されている。本面も科学調査の結果、その可能性があることがわかっている。","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"The Ten Great Disciples are the principal followers of the Historical Buddha Shakyamuni (Śākyamuni): Śāriputra, Maudgalyāyana, Mahākāśyapa, Subhūti, Pūrṇa Maitrāyanīputra, Mahākātyāyana, Aniruddha, Upāli, Rāhula, and Ānanda. \nThese statues of the Ten Great Disciples were originally installed in the temple Jōraku-in, a former subtemple of Ninna-ji in Kyoto, where they accompanied a Shakyamuni image modeled after the famous tenth-century Northern Song dynasty Shakyamuni sculpture at Kyoto’s Seiryō-ji Temple. The Jōraku-in Shakyamuni is now owned by the Agency for Cultural Affairs and designated an Important Cultural Property. \nEight of the ten sculptures in the set have been dated to the mid-thirteenth century of the Kamakura period, based on to their realistic carving style. Two of them, however, Maudgalyāyana and Rāhula, appear to be replacements produced during the Edo period (1615–1868). The original eight images have a more tranquil feel than similar works by the contemporaneous Kei school of sculptors, such as the Ten Great Disciples by Kaikei at Daihōon-ji in Kyoto. A clue to this difference might be explained by their provenance. \nThe Ninna-ji subtemple of Jōraku-in was built on land donated by Inken, a Buddhist sculptor of the In school (Inpa). The carving on these figures suggests they were indeed made by In school sculptors. Ninna-ji itself houses a statue of Prince Siddhārtha Gautama (before becoming the Buddha Shakyamuni), which was carved in the year 1252 by an In school sculptor named Inchi. Inchi lived a generation or so before Inken, so the Ten Great Disciples sculptures likely predate this image. One further point to consider is the fact that the production of the Shakyamuni Buddha sculpture that these statues originally surrounded is associated with the eminent medieval Japanese priest Myo’e (1173–1232).","@language":"en"},{"@value":"　　迦楼罗在印度教中是名为“Garuda”的圣鸟，被认为是毗湿奴神（Vishunu）的坐骑。后来亦被佛教吸收，成为了佛教的守护神。迦楼罗原本是吞食毒蛇的圣鸟，但是在日本的伎乐中却常以啄食蚯蚓的滑稽形象登场。\r\n　　本面具的背面有墨书，可读为“上牛甘”，而东大寺正仓院中的面具袋上也写有同样的名字，由此可见本面具曾被用于天平胜宝4年（752）举行的东大寺大佛殿的大佛开眼法会上。上牛甘也可写做“上牛养”，是活跃在奈良时代（710-794）中期的画工，从史料可知他曾参与东大寺大佛殿顶部天花的上色工程。此外，上述的大佛开眼法会并不是在佛诞日的4月8号，而是在隔天的4月9号举行，据说是因为下雨而延期了一天。\r\n　　本面具的背面另有一处墨书“綱封蔵／華厳□”，从中可知本面具在东大寺的大佛开眼法会使用后，被保管在纲封藏（收纳寺宝的仓库），后来又在华严法会时被重新利用。近年的科学调查成果指出奈良时代的彩色雕刻中有在上色后涂上荏胡麻油的例子，而本面具亦通过科学调查发现有采取了同样上色技法的可能性。","@language":"zh"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/101357001001/1/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":200,"width":150},"viewingHint":"individuals","viewingDirection":"","license":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/about","attribution":[{"@value":"独立行政法人国立文化財機構","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"National Institutes for Cultural Heritage","@language":"en"},{"@value":"国立文化财机构","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"국립문화재기구","@language":"ko"}],"logo":[{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/assets/img/logo.png"}],"rendering":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/detail?langId=ja&webView=&content_base_id=101357&content_part_id=0&content_pict_id=0","label":[{"@value":"e国宝 - 伎楽面","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"e-Museum - 伎楽面","@language":"en"},{"@value":"e国宝 - 伎楽面","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"e국보 - 伎楽面","@language":"ko"}],"format":"text/html"},"sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101357001001.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"1","height":10328,"width":7760,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101357001001.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101357001001.tif","profile":["http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",{"formats":["jpg"],"qualities":["native","color","gray"],"supports":["regionByPct","sizeByForcedWh","sizeByWh","sizeAboveFull","rotationBy90s","mirroring","gray"]}]},"height":10328,"width":7760},"on":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101357001001.tif#xywh=0,0,7760,10328"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/101357001001/1/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image"}},{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101357001002.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"2","height":10328,"width":7760,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101357001002.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101357001002.tif","profile":["http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",{"formats":["jpg"],"qualities":["native","color","gray"],"supports":["regionByPct","sizeByForcedWh","sizeByWh","sizeAboveFull","rotationBy90s","mirroring","gray"]}]},"height":10328,"width":7760},"on":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101357001002.tif#xywh=0,0,7760,10328"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/101357001002/2/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image"}},{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101357001003.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"3","height":10328,"width":7760,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101357001003.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101357001003.tif","profile":["http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",{"formats":["jpg"],"qualities":["native","color","gray"],"supports":["regionByPct","sizeByForcedWh","sizeByWh","sizeAboveFull","rotationBy90s","mirroring","gray"]}]},"height":10328,"width":7760},"on":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101357001003.tif#xywh=0,0,7760,10328"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/101357001003/3/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image"}}]}]}