{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiifapi/101348000/manifest.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":[{"@value":"e国宝 - 広形銅戈鋳型","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"e-Museum - Mold used to cast bronze halberds","@language":"en"},{"@value":"e国宝 - 广形铜戈铸范","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"e국보 - 광형 청동꺾창의 거푸집","@language":"ko"}],"metadata":[{"label":[{"@value":"指定区分","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Designation","@language":"en"},{"@value":"指定等级","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"문화재 지정 구분","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"重要文化財","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Important Cultural Property","@language":"en"},{"@value":"重要文化财","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"중요문화재","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"分野","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Category","@language":"en"},{"@value":"类别","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"분야","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"考古","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Archaeology","@language":"en"},{"@value":"考古","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"고고","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"名称よみ","@language":"ja"}],"value":[{"@value":"ひろがたどうかいがた","@language":"ja"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"指定名称","@language":"ja"}],"value":[{"@value":"銅戈鎔笵","@language":"ja"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"出土地","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Excavation","@language":"en"},{"@value":"出土地","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"출토지","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"福岡市多田羅大牟田遺跡","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"From Tatara-ōmuta, Fukuoka, Japan","@language":"en"},{"@value":"福冈县田罗大牟田遗址","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"후쿠오카현 다타라오무타유적 출토","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"員数","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"数量","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"수량","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"1点","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"1件","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"1점","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"法量","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Dimensions","@language":"en"},{"@value":"尺寸","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"크기","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"長49.8　幅19.8　厚16.2","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Length 49.8 cm, width 19.8 cm, thickness 16.2 cm","@language":"en"},{"@value":"长49.8 幅19.8 厚16.2","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"길이49.8　폭19.8　두께16.2","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"時代・世紀","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Period,Century","@language":"en"},{"@value":"年代・世纪","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"시대・세기","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"弥生時代","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Yayoi period","@language":"en"},{"@value":"弥生时代","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"야요이시대","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"所蔵者","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Owner","@language":"en"},{"@value":"收藏家","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"소장자","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"九州国立博物館","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Kyushu National Museum","@language":"en"},{"@value":"九州国立博物馆","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"규슈국립박물관","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"各館作品番号","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Collection reference no.","@language":"en"},{"@value":"机构管理序号","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"기관관리번호","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"YJ4","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"YJ4","@language":"en"},{"@value":"YJ4","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"YJ4","@language":"ko"}]}],"description":[{"@value":"　弥生時代に朝鮮半島より伝来した武器形の青銅器は、武器から祭器へとその性格を変化させるとともに、大型化していく。刃部を柄と直角につける長柄武器である戈も、中期から後期にかけて、刃部の鋭さが失われ、柄への装着部が脆弱化するといった、武器としての機能の喪失という変化とともに、その形が幅広く、長くなっていくという変化が進行していく。広形銅戈はその変化が最も進行して、大型化したものである。\r\n　広形銅戈は北部九州を中心に出土するが、その数はきわめて少ない。一方、それを製作した鋳型は福岡平野周辺に数例が知られる。本例もその一つで、昭和27年ころ福岡市東区多田羅付近の丘陵から開墾の際に掘り出されたという。完形の広形銅戈鋳型は出土例がきわめて少なく貴重である。\r\n　鋳型は石英長石斑岩製で、上面を平坦に整形して広形銅戈の鋳型を彫りこむ。一方、左右側面と背面はゆるく弧を描くように整形するがその程度はごく粗く、整形時の痕跡を良く残す。両端部は上面からみて垂直ぎみに落とし粗く整形しており、反対側の鋳型との合わせ印をほどこす。鋳型の彫り込み部は滑らかに仕上げており、黒褐色に変色していて実際にこれが鋳造に使用されたことを推測させる。刃部の先端と茎部の末端は彫り込みがそれぞれ端部側に開放しており、湯口とガス抜き穴として機能したと見られるが、どちら側が湯口かは判然としない。\r\n　多田羅付近ではこのほかおなじく重要文化財に指定されている銅釧鋳型も出土しており、弥生時代後期ころ、付近で青銅器の生産が行なわれた可能性が高いことをものがたる。\r\n\r\n【九州国立博物館（福岡県立アジア文化交流センター）所蔵】","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Bronzeware originally came to Japan from the Korean Peninsula during the Yayoi period as weapons. They later morphed in function and form, becoming longer and wider as people began using them as ritual implements instead. Among such weapons are halberds, which are made by attaching a blade perpendicularly to a shaft. From the mid- to late Yayoi period, the blades of halberds became dull and the tangs where they were attached to the shafts became weaker, suggesting that they had lost their functionality as weapons. Archaeologists have classified the largest, most evolved of these as having a “wide blade,” with blades of other sizes labeled relative to them.\r\n\r\nBronze halberds with wide blades have been unearthed primarily in northern Kyushu, though few in number. Similarly, only a few molds used to create them have turned up around the Fukuoka plains. It goes without saying that complete, undamaged molds are even rarer. This object is one such example, having allegedly been excavated from a hill near Tatara in Higashi Ward, Fukuoka City, during reclamation works in 1952. Made out of quartz-feldspar porphyry, this mold features a carved indentation of a wide halberd blade on its top surface. The reverse side of the mold, as well as its side edges, seem to have been deliberately yet carelessly rounded off, and bear marks from the finishing process. On the other hand, the two thinner ends drop off from the top surface almost vertically, and are rough, with keys to help align the other half of the mold. The casting surface has been polished smooth, and the black-brown markings in the mold cavity are thought to be remnants from the actual casting process. The channels carved in at the tip of the blade and the tail of the tang likely function as a sprue and a gas vent, though it is unclear which is which.\r\n\r\nAnother mold for casting bronze bracelets, which was discovered near Tatara, has similarly been designated an Important Cultural Property. The presence of these molds suggests that there was likely a bronze forging site nearby that operated during the late Yayoi period.","@language":"en"},{"@value":"　　这是弥生时代从朝鲜半岛传来的武器形青铜器，后来由武器逐渐演变成祭器。随着性质的改变，形状也逐渐变大。刃部和柄呈直角组装的长柄武器——戈，从中期到后期，其刃部失去原有的锐利，跟柄的连接部也变得脆弱。随着武器功能的丧失，形状逐渐加宽、变长。广形铜戈便是演变成最终形态的大型青铜器。\r\n　　广形铜戈以九州北部为中心出土，出土量极少。在福冈平野周边发现有几例铸范，本品也是其中之一，于1952年在开垦福冈市东区多田罗附近丘陵时出土。形状完整的广形铜戈铸范出土量极少，极为珍贵。\r\n　　铸范的材质为石英长石斑岩。制作时将上表部分整修平坦，刻出范腔。左右两侧和背面是缓慢的弧形，保留了明显的整修痕迹。俯瞰两端部近乎被垂直刻除，整形粗糙，并留下印记，方便合范时使用。范腔修整光滑，颜色已变成黑褐色，应为实际使用过的痕迹。对应刃部前端和茎部末端的地方为开放的口，据推测是浇注口和排气口，但不知哪一侧是浇注口。\r\n　　多田罗附近除了这件以外，还出土了同样被认定为重要文化财的铜钏铸范，由此可知弥生时代后期，这一带很可能是青铜器的生产地。","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"　야요이시대 한반도에서 전래한 무기모양 청동기는 그 성격이 무기에서 제사도구로 변함에 따라, 대형화되어 갔다. 날 부분을 자루에 직각으로 부착하는 긴 자루 무기인 꺾창 또한, 야요이시대 중기부터 후기에 걸쳐, 날의 날카로움이 사라지고 자루 장착부가 취약해지는 등 무기의 기능이 상실되어 갔다. 모양 또한 폭이 넓어지고 길이가 길어졌다. 폭이 넓은 광형 청동제 꺾창은 그 변화가 가장 알기 쉽게 진행되고 대형화 된 유물이라 할 수 있겠다.\r\n　광형 청동제 꺾창은 북부 규슈를 중심으로 출토되지만, 그 수는 매우 적다. 한편 제작에 쓰인 거푸집은 후쿠오카 평야 주변에서 몇몇 출토사례가 알려졌다. 이 유물도 그중 하나로 1952년경 후쿠오카시 히가시구 다타라 부근의 구릉에서 토지 개간 중에 출토되었다고 전한다. 완전한 형태를 유지한 광형 청동제 꺾창의 거푸집은 출토예가 매우 적어 귀중하다. \r\n　거푸집의 재질은 석영장석반암으로, 표면을 평평하게 다듬은 뒤 광형 동제 꺾창의 틀을 새겼다. 한편 좌우 측면과 아랫면은 완만한 포물선을 그리듯이 모양을 가다듬었는데, 그 정도가 매우 거칠어 제작 당시의 흔적이 많이 남아 있다. 양 끝부분은 위에서 보았을 때,  수직에 가깝게 잘라 거칠게 모양을 다듬은 뒤, 쌍으로 쓰이는 반대쪽 면 거푸집과 동일한 표시를 새겼다. 꺾창의 틀이 새겨진 부분은 매끄럽게 마무리되어 있는데, 흑갈색으로 변색하여있는 점으로, 보아 실제 주조에 사용되었음을 알 수 있다. 날 끝과 슴베 아랫부분은 각각 거푸집의 양 끝까지 이어지는 형태로 개방되어 새겨져 있으며, 쇳물을 붓는 주입구와 가스를 빼는 배출구의 기능을 했다고 보인다. 그러나 어느 쪽이 쇳물을 붓는 주입구인지는 분명하지 않다.\r\n　다타라 지역 부근에서는 이 유물 외에도 중요문화재로 지정된 청동팔찌의 거푸집도 출토되어, 야요이시대 후기 무렵, 이 지역 부근에서 청동기 생산이 이루어졌을 가능성이 높다는 것을 보여준다.\r\n","@language":"ko"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/101348001001/1/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":150,"width":200},"viewingHint":"individuals","viewingDirection":"","license":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/about","attribution":[{"@value":"独立行政法人国立文化財機構","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"National Institutes for Cultural Heritage","@language":"en"},{"@value":"国立文化财机构","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"국립문화재기구","@language":"ko"}],"logo":[{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/assets/img/logo.png"}],"rendering":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/detail?langId=ja&webView=&content_base_id=101348&content_part_id=0&content_pict_id=0","label":[{"@value":"e国宝 - 広形銅戈鋳型","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"e-Museum - Mold used to cast bronze halberds","@language":"en"},{"@value":"e国宝 - 广形铜戈铸范","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"e국보 - 광형 청동꺾창의 거푸집","@language":"ko"}],"format":"text/html"},"sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101348001001.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"1","height":7760,"width":10328,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101348001001.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101348001001.tif","profile":["http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",{"formats":["jpg"],"qualities":["native","color","gray"],"supports":["regionByPct","sizeByForcedWh","sizeByWh","sizeAboveFull","rotationBy90s","mirroring","gray"]}]},"height":7760,"width":10328},"on":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101348001001.tif#xywh=0,0,10328,7760"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/101348001001/1/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image"}},{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101348001002.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"2","height":7760,"width":10328,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101348001002.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101348001002.tif","profile":["http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",{"formats":["jpg"],"qualities":["native","color","gray"],"supports":["regionByPct","sizeByForcedWh","sizeByWh","sizeAboveFull","rotationBy90s","mirroring","gray"]}]},"height":7760,"width":10328},"on":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/101348001002.tif#xywh=0,0,10328,7760"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/101348001002/2/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image"}}]}]}