{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiifapi/100995002/manifest.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":[{"@value":"e国宝 - 病草紙　風病の男","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"e-Museum - Yamai no Soshi (Diseases and Deformities):Palsy","@language":"en"},{"@value":"e国宝 - 小舌（病草纸之一）","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"e국보 - 소설(小舌)*  병초지(病草紙) 중에서","@language":"ko"}],"metadata":[{"label":[{"@value":"指定区分","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Designation","@language":"en"},{"@value":"指定等级","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"문화재 지정 구분","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"国宝","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"National Treasure","@language":"en"},{"@value":"国宝","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"국보","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"分野","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Category","@language":"en"},{"@value":"类别","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"분야","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"絵画","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Painting","@language":"en"},{"@value":"绘画","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"회화","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"名称よみ","@language":"ja"}],"value":[{"@value":"やまいのそうし ふうびょうのおとこ","@language":"ja"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"員数","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Quantity","@language":"en"},{"@value":"数量","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"수량","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"1面","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Handscroll","@language":"en"},{"@value":"一页","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"한 단","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"品質形状","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"재질/형태","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"紙本著色","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"종이에 색","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"法量","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Dimensions","@language":"en"},{"@value":"尺寸","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"크기","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"縦26.0cm  横30.9cm  ","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Height: 25.9cm Total length: 42.4cm","@language":"en"},{"@value":"纵25.9厘米　横42.4厘米","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"세로25.9cm  가로42.4cm  ","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"時代・世紀","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"시대・세기","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"平安～鎌倉時代・12世紀","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"헤이안~가마쿠라시대 12세기","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"所蔵者","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Owner","@language":"en"},{"@value":"收藏家","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"소장자","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"京都国立博物館","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Kyoto National Museum","@language":"en"},{"@value":"京都国立博物馆","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"교토국립박물관","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"各館作品番号","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Collection reference no.","@language":"en"},{"@value":"机构管理序号","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"기관관리번호","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"A甲679","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"A甲679","@language":"en"},{"@value":"A甲679","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"A甲679","@language":"ko"}]}],"description":[{"@value":"　いろいろな病気や奇形に関する説話を描いた絵巻の断簡。それぞれの症状は『正法念処経』や『医心方』など、経典や学術書に典拠が求められる。とくに『正法念処経』との関連は六道（天、人、修羅、畜生、餓鬼、地獄）のうち人道における苦悩を表すという解釈を導く。これによって、「地獄草紙」「餓鬼草紙」などとともに、後白河院（一一二七～九二）が絵巻を多く納めた蓮華王院宝蔵の「六道絵」の一部ともみなされている。\r\n　ただし、具体的な地名の記述や豊かな風俗描写、何より苦悶や嘲笑など個々人の微妙な感情の動きが見事に活写されることによって、単なる図解に留まらず、人間の滑稽ですらある生々しさにあふれた同時代の説話として構成・表現されていることこそ本作品の大きな魅力である。\r\n　制作当初の規模は不明だが、21図が現存しており、それらの多くはかつて一巻の絵巻物に収録され伝来した。昭和期にこれが断簡となり、現在そのうち9図が京都国立博物館に所蔵されている。段毎の台紙貼装であったが、平成二十八年に完了した修理によって額装から一段毎の巻子装に改められた。各段の画風は、闊達な描線を旨とするものから精密で高度な完成度を誇るものまで幅広く、幾人かの習熟した絵師が分担したらしい。\r\n","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"The Scroll of Diseases and Deformities (J. Yamai no sôshi) depicts sundry ailments and abnormalities. Although the original scale of production is unclear, it is known that seventeen scenes from this scroll were extant by the late Edo period (1615-1868). The Kyoto National Museum owns nine illustrated sections: “Hermaphrodite,” “Woman with Cholera Nostras” (diarrhea and vomiting resembling the symptoms of cholera), “Man with Pubic Lice,” “Man with Many Anuses,” “Treatment of an Eye Disease,” “Man with Pyorrhea” (a gum disease that causes one to lose teeth), “Man with a Small Tongue,” “Palsy,” and “Woman with Halitosis.”\r\nThe descriptions in the texts accompanying the paintings are not consistent: some give the name and symptoms of the ailment in a straightforward manner, while others introduce the person’s history and then explain the symptom of the disease. Of the latter type, some texts provide the description of actual place and time in which the character lived, and others—such as the “Hermaphrodite” episode—go even further to introduce the person in some detail, thus giving an account of a disease that afflicted a particular individual. Rather than introducing each illness in a clinical way, the scenes draw on the anecdotal appeal of such stories recounting illnesses. The narrative character of the scenes is especially evident in the passage from “Treatment of an Eye Disease,” which tells the story of a man calling himself an eye doctor coming to treat a man living in Yamato Province whose eyes hurt. The quack elects to use acupuncture and lances them with a needle. Far from getting better, the patient is now blinded.\r\nCertain compositions show only the figures and their illness, without any background scenery, while others present a more narrative interest, depicting the everyday surroundings of the sick person. The diviner’s lifestyle represented in the “Hermaphrodite,” the rural house of the “Cholera Nostras” victim, and the most developed scene—the aforementioned “Treatment of an Eye Disease”— all give valuable insight into the customs of the late Heian period (794-1185).\r\nThe style of these paintings, originally part of a single handscroll, is similar to that of paintings of the Six Paths of Transmigration (J. rokudôe) made around the same time. Some believe the images of sickness to be depictions of the suffering inherent in the Human Realm. However, the stylistic similarities can be attributed to a shared cultural background, rather than these paintings coming out of similar themes in production. Since the Disease scroll does not discuss the working of karma and is not based on any Buddhist text describing the Six Paths, it was probably not part of such a set. While the scroll may be related to beliefs concerning the Six Paths, it is more likely to have originated from a general interest in collections of entertaining, albeit morbid, tales","@language":"en"},{"@value":"〈病草纸〉是一件描绘了各种疾病及身体缺陷故事的画卷，绘制当初的件数等实际情形已不清楚，能确定的是江户时代尚存十七幅，其中的“双性人”、“霍乱”、“阴虱”、“多肛之男子”、“眼疾治疗”、“齿牙动摇之男子”、“小舌”、“风疾”、“患口臭之女子”等九幅，现收藏于京都国立博物馆。\n〈病草纸〉每幅画侧附有词书，词书的叙述方式不尽相同，有的直接举出症状名并说明之；有的则先作人物介绍，其次再说明该人物的病情。特别像是后者的情况，有些可以指出特定的人物居所及时代，甚至也有像“双性人”般甚为详细的人物介绍，可以说是关于某些特定个人疾病的描述。由其描述手法来看，与其说是在介绍疾病，毋宁该说具有在叙述有关疾病故事的意趣。特别像是“眼疾治疗”，描绘了一自称为眼科大夫的人来到患有眼疾的大和国男子之处，说是用针灸治疗较好就将针打到眼上，原本好好的眼睛因而变得越来越糟的故事，将〈病草纸〉故事画特点表露无遗。\n其画面构成主要有两种形式，一为省略背景以患者为中心只画出人物的构成，另外则是加上了患者生活周遭景物而强调其故事性的构成。像“双性人”图中的占卜师的生活情态，“霍乱”中的乡村生活，或是像最为详实的“眼疾治疗”中的周围环境表现，这些作为时代风俗资料而言都是相当珍贵的。\n〈病草纸〉的画风与同时代的“六道绘”相近（六道绘指描绘地狱、饿鬼、畜生、阿修罗、人、天等六道生死轮回的净土教绘画）。虽然有人抱持此乃描绘了六道中“人道”本有苦痛之一“病”的看法，然而，从其画风的共通性来说，与其是制作背景一致，或许该说是因为制作环境相似所致。在〈病草纸〉上并未讲述因果，并且亦无任何以六道经典为根据之处，因此恐怕很难说是一种六道绘。从词书及画面构成的特色来看，即使不能完全否定与当时六道思想的关系，但毋宁该认为在背景上具有孕育出故事集的时代趣味。","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"여러 가지 질병과 기형에 관한 설화를 그린 두루마리 그림의 일부(단간)이다. 각 증상은 ≪정법염처경(正法念處經)≫과 ≪의심방(醫心方)≫ 등 경전이나 학술서에서 출처를 찾을 수 있다. 특히 ≪정법염처경≫과는 육도(천상, 인간, 아수라, 축생, 아귀, 지옥) 가운데 인도의 고뇌를 나타낸 점에서 관련이 있는 것으로 해석된다. 따라서 <지옥초지(地獄草紙)>, <아귀초지(餓鬼草紙)> 등과 함께 고시라카와 상황(1127~1192)이 두루마리 그림을 다수 봉납한 렌게오인 절[蓮華王院] 보장(寶藏)의 <육도화> 중 일부로도 간주된다.\r\n\r\n한편 구체적인 지명의 기술과 풍부한 풍속 묘사 그리고 무엇보다 고뇌나 비웃음 등 개개인의 미묘한 감정 변화를 생생하게 포착함으로써, 단순히 그림풀이에만 그치지 않고 인간의 골계까지 담아내서 매우 생생한 동시대의 설화로 구성하고 표현한 점이야말로 이 작품의 큰 매력이다.\r\n\r\n제작 당시의 규모는 알 수 없으나 그림 21점이 남아 있으며 그 대부분이 과거에는 한 권의 두루마리에 수록되어 전해 내려왔었다. 쇼와시대에 단간이 되었고 그중그림 9점이 현재 교토국립박물관에 소장되어 있다. 각 단은 두꺼운 종이인 대지에 붙여 장황된 상태였으나 2016년에 끝마친 수리를 통해 액자 형태에서 두루마리 형태로 바뀌었다. 각 단의 화풍이 자유분방한 묘선을 의도한 것부터 고도의 정밀한 완성도를 자랑하는 것까지 폭넓은 점으로 보아 여러 명의 숙달된 화가가 분담 제작한 것으로 짐작된다.","@language":"ko"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/100995002001/1/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":177,"width":200},"viewingHint":"individuals","viewingDirection":"","license":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/about","attribution":[{"@value":"独立行政法人国立文化財機構","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"National Institutes for Cultural Heritage","@language":"en"},{"@value":"国立文化财机构","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"국립문화재기구","@language":"ko"}],"logo":[{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/assets/img/logo.png"}],"rendering":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/detail?langId=ja&webView=&content_base_id=100995&content_part_id=2&content_pict_id=0","label":[{"@value":"e国宝 - 病草紙　風病の男","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"e-Museum - Yamai no Soshi (Diseases and Deformities):Palsy","@language":"en"},{"@value":"e国宝 - 小舌（病草纸之一）","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"e국보 - 소설(小舌)*  병초지(病草紙) 중에서","@language":"ko"}],"format":"text/html"},"within":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiifapi/100995000/collection.json","@type":"sc:Collection","label":[{"@value":"病草紙","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Yamai no Soshi (Diseases and Deformities)","@language":"en"},{"@value":"病草纸","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"병 초지(病草紙)","@language":"ko"}]},"sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100995002001.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"1","height":2365,"width":2677,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100995002001.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100995002001.tif","profile":["http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",{"formats":["jpg"],"qualities":["native","color","gray"],"supports":["regionByPct","sizeByForcedWh","sizeByWh","sizeAboveFull","rotationBy90s","mirroring","gray"]}]},"height":2365,"width":2677},"on":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100995002001.tif#xywh=0,0,2677,2365"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/100995002001/1/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image"}}]}]}