{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiifapi/100690000/manifest.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":[{"@value":"e国宝 - 白檀香","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"e-Museum - White sandalwood incense","@language":"en"},{"@value":"e国宝 - 白檀香","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"e국보 - 백단향","@language":"ko"}],"metadata":[{"label":[{"@value":"指定区分","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Designation","@language":"en"},{"@value":"指定等级","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"문화재 지정 구분","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"重要文化財","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Important Cultural Property","@language":"en"},{"@value":"重要文化财","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"중요문화재","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"分野","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Category","@language":"en"},{"@value":"类别","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"분야","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"法隆寺献納宝物","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"HōryūjiTreasures","@language":"en"},{"@value":"法隆寺捐献宝物","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"호류지 헌납보물","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"名称よみ","@language":"ja"}],"value":[{"@value":"びゃくだんこう","@language":"ja"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"指定名称","@language":"ja"}],"value":[{"@value":"白檀香","@language":"ja"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"員数","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Quantity","@language":"en"},{"@value":"数量","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"수량","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"1材","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"1 piece","@language":"en"},{"@value":"1件","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"1점","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"品質形状","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Media","@language":"en"},{"@value":"材质形状","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"재질/형태","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"白檀材","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"White sandalwood","@language":"en"},{"@value":"白檀木","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"백단제","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"法量","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Dimensions","@language":"en"},{"@value":"尺寸","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"크기","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"長60.3 最大径9.0","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"L60.3 maximum D9.0","@language":"en"},{"@value":"长60.3 最大径9.0","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"길이60.3 최대둘레9.0","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"時代・世紀","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Period,Century","@language":"en"},{"@value":"年代・世纪","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"시대・세기","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"飛鳥~奈良時代・7~8世紀","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Asuka-Nara period/7-8th century","@language":"en"},{"@value":"飞鸟~奈良时代 7~8世纪","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"아스카∼나라시대·7∼8세기","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"所蔵者","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Owner","@language":"en"},{"@value":"收藏家","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"소장자","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"東京国立博物館","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Tokyo National Museum","@language":"en"},{"@value":"东京国立博物馆","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"도쿄국립박물관","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"各館作品番号","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Collection reference no.","@language":"en"},{"@value":"机构管理序号","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"기관관리번호","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"N-113","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"N-113","@language":"en"},{"@value":"N-113","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"N-113","@language":"ko"}]}],"description":[{"@value":"栴檀香(N-112)と白檀香(N-113)はともに柱状で、沈水香(N-114)は盤根状を呈している。香木は熱帯アジアに産するものが多く、したがって舶載品として珍重され、いまなお薫香・組香の料として貴重視される。『日本書紀』によれば、推古天皇のころ淡路島へ沈木が漂着し、それを朝廷に献上したのが嗃矢と伝えられている。その後仏教の隆盛に伴い、大陸からわが国へ各種の香木が輸入され、今日正倉院宝物中に多くの香木が納められている。『法隆寺 伽藍縁起并流記資財帳』には、また「合香壹10陸種 丈六分肆種薫陸香168両寺買 沈水香10両 浅香385両 薫陸香46両 青木香卌八両 右天平8年歳次丙子2月22日 納賜平城宮皇后宮者、仏分壹拾種 白檀香四百七両 沈水香八十六両 浅香403両2分 丁子香84両 安息香70両2分 熏陸香511両 甘松香96両 楓香96両 蘇合香12両 青木香281両 聖僧分白檀香肆佰玖拾陸両 塔分白檀香壹佰陸拾両 右天平6年歳次甲戌2月 納賜平城宮皇后宮者」とあり、各種の香木がみえている。\n香木は当時仏前に焚き供養の料として用いられていたが、また箱類・刀子の柄や梢・経筒・筆管などの各種の工芸材料としても、防虫などのことをも兼ねて使用されている。すなわち正倉院宝物に、沈水香画双六局・白檀八角箱・沈香把鞘刀子・沈香末塗経筒・末造了沈香木画筆管などの作例が知られる。この献納宝物中にもまた、木画箱・木画経箱・細字法華経々筒・玉荘箱・刀子などに、香木の使用がみられる。なお水に沈むものを沈水香、沈まぬものを浅水香と称するという。\n栴檀香には「延暦20年定5斤」「更定24斤 天應2年2月3日」「明治11年4月切取」の墨書銘、他に不明文の焼印1顆がある。白檀香には「更定重12斤8両 字5年3月4日」「白檀延暦20年定13斤」「葛4斤9両」「明治11年4月9日切取」「塔」「寺」などの墨書銘、他に同じく不明文の焼印1顆がみられる。また沈水香にも、「明治11年4月9日切取」の墨書がある。\n","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Sendan-ko (N-112) and Byakudan-ko (N-113) are fragrant wood bars (both are sandalwood) and Jinsui-ko (aloeswood) (N-114) has a form of a twisting root. As many fragrant woods are produced in Tropical Asia, not only were they highly prized at that time as imported goods, but they are valuable still now as materials for incense and fragrances. According to the Chronicles of Japan (Nihon shoki), the beginning of the use of fragrant wood in Japan was in the era of the Emperor Suiko when a sunken tree was cast ashore on Awaji Island and was offered to the Imperial Court. Then along with the rampant Buddhism, a wide variety of fragrant woods were imported from mainland China to Japan and many such woods are preserved in Shosoin Imperial Repository as treasures now. According to the \"Horyu-ji Garanengi-narabini-rukishizaicho\" (the Composite Register of the History and Materials of the Horyu-ji Temple Complex), it is described that \"Sixteen kinds of incense in total; four types of Kunriku-ko for statues of Buddha, 168 ryo of which was bought by the temple; Jinsui-ko 10 ryo, Sen-ko 385 ryo, Kunriku-ko 46 ryo and Seiboku-ko 48 ryo were delivered to the Empress in the Palace of Heijokyo on the twenty-second day of the second month of Tenpyo 8 in the older fire-mouse year and ten types for Buddha; i.e., Byakudan-ko 407 ryo, Jinsui-ko 86 ryo, Sen-ko 403 ryo 2 bu, Choji-ko 84 ryo, Ansoku- ko 70 ryo 2 bu, Kunriku-ko 511 ryo, Kansho-ko 96 ryo, Fu-ko 96 ryo, Sogo-ko 12 ryo and Seiboku-ko 281 ryo in addition to Byakudan-ko 496 ryo for saint priests and Byakudan-ko 160 ryo for pagodas were delivered to the person in charge of the Empress in the Palace of Heijokyo in the second month of Tenpyo 6 in the older tree-dog year.\" There are many kinds of incense seen there. \nFragrant wood was used as a tool for the Buddhist memorial services by burning it before the tablet of the deceased at that time and also used as materials for craft objects such as boxes, hilts and scabbards of swords, tubes into which Buddhist Scriptures were put for burying (Kyozutsu) and the shafts of writing brushes, considering the mothproof effect. Among the treasures in the Shosoin Imperial Repository, Jinsuikogano sugorokukyoku (a Japanese variety of backgammon made of aloeswood), Byakudan-hakkaku-bako (an octagonal box made of sandalwood), Jinko-no-tsukasaya-no-tosu (a knife with a hilt and scabbard made of aloeswood), Jinko-matsu-nuri- Kyozutsu (a Kyozutsu tube coated with aloeswood powder) and Mizoryo-jinko-mokugano-fudenokan (the uncompleted shaft of a writing brush with marquetry of aloeswood) can be found. Among the Imperial Bequest to Horyu-ji Temple, the use of fragrant wood can be seen in a box with marquetry, a sutra box with marquetry, the Kyozutsu tube for a Lotus Sutra in Minute Characters, a Gyokuso-bako box and a Tosu knife. It is said that fragrant wood that sinks in water is called Jinsui-ko and one that doesn't sink in water is called Sensui- ko. \nOn the Sendan-ko, the inscriptions in black ink stating \"Tei-go-kin in Enryaku 20,\" \"Kotei-nijuyon-kin on the third day of the second month of Teno 2\" and \"Cut off in April, Meiji 11 (1878)\" and one branded obscure sentence can be seen. On the Byakudan-ko, the inscriptions in black ink stating \"Koteiju-juni-kin-hachi-ryo, the fourth day of the third month of Aza 5,\" \"Byakudan Enryaku 20 Tei-jusan-kin,\" \"Tuzura-yon-kin kyu-ryo,\" \"Cut off on April 9, Meiji 11 (1878),\" \"To (pagoda)\" and \"Tera (temple)\" and one branded obscure sentence can also be seen. On the Jinsui-ko, the inscription in black ink stating \"Cut off on April 9, Meiji 11 (1878)\" can be seen as well. \n","@language":"en"},{"@value":" 旃檀香(N-112)及白檀香(N-113)均呈柱状,沉水香(N-114)呈盘根状。香木多产于亚洲热带地区,因此在日本香木作为舶来品显得异常珍贵,即便到了现今其作为薰香及组香的原料也备受青睐。据《日本书纪》记载,相传推古天皇时期,有沉木漂流至淡路岛,将其献给朝廷的便是嗃矢。之后,随着佛教的兴盛,各种香木从大陆(即中国)出口至日本,现在正仓院宝物中就收藏有很多香木。《法隆寺 伽蓝缘起并流记资财帐》中记录了各种香木,有“合香壹10陆种 丈六分肆种熏陆香 168两寺买 沈水香10两 浅香385两 熏陆香46两 青木香卅八两 右天平8年岁次丙子2月22日 纳赐平城宫皇后宫者、佛分壹拾种 白檀香四百七两 沈水香八十六两 浅香403两2分 丁子香84两 安息香70两2分 熏陆香511两 甘松香96两 枫香96两 苏合香12两 青木香281两 圣僧分白檀香肆佰玖拾陆两 塔分白檀香壹佰陆拾两 右天平6年岁次甲戌2月 纳赐平城宫皇后宫者”的记载。\n 当时香木用作佛前焚烧奉养材料,另外也作为箱类、刀柄及鞘、经筒、笔管的制作材料,兼有防虫等的功效。正仓院宝物中,沉水香画双六局、白檀八角箱、沉香把鞘刀子、沉香末涂经筒、末造了沉香木画笔管等作品广为人知。进贡的宝物中,木画箱、木画经箱、细字法华经经筒、玉庄箱,刀子等也都可以看到使用了香木。另外,能够沉入水中的被称为沉水香,不沉的则被称为浅水香。\n 旃檀香上有“延历20年定5斤”、“更定24斤 天应2年2月3日”、“明治11年4月切取”的墨书铭文,另外还有1处看不清文字的烙印。白檀香上有“更定重12斤8两 字5年3月4日”、“白檀延历20年定13斤”、“葛4斤9两”、“明治11年4月9日切取”、“塔”、“寺”等的墨书铭文,另外也同样有1处看不清文字的烙印。沈水香上也有“明治11年4月9日切取”的墨书。\n","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"전단향(栴檀香)(N-112)과 백단향(白檀香)(N-113)은 둘 다 기둥모양이고, 침수향状(沈水香)(N-114)은 반근상(盤根状)을 드러내고 있다. 향목은 열대 아시아에서 나는 것이 많아, 그로 인해 박재품(舶載品)으로서 소중하게 다루어져, 아직도 훈향(薫香)・조향(組香)의 재료로서 귀중히 여겨지고 있다. 『일본서기』에 따르면, 추고천황(推古天皇) 때에 아와지섬에 침목(沈木)이 표착하여, 그것을 조정에 헌상한 것이 시초로 전해 지고 있다. 그 후 불교가 번성함에 따라, 대륙에서 일본으로 각종 향목이 수입되어, 현재 쇼소인(正倉院)의 보물 가운데 향목이 많은 수를 차지하고 있다. 『법륭사가람연기병유기자재장(法隆寺 伽藍縁起并流記資財帳)』에는, 「합향일 10 육종 장육분사종훈육 168 양사매 침수향 10양 천향 385양 훈육향 46 양 청목향십팔향 우천평 8년세차병자2월22일 납사평성궁황후궁자, 불분일습종 백단향사백칠양 침수향팔십육양 천향 403 양 2분 정자향 84양 안식향 70양 2분 훈육향 511양 감송향 96양 풍향 96양 소합향12양 청목향281양 성승분백단향사백구습육량 탑분백단향일백육습량 우천평6년세차갑술2월 납사평성궁황후궁자(合香壹10陸種 丈六分肆種薫陸香168両寺買 沈水香10両 浅香385両 薫陸香46両 青木香卌八両 右天平8年歳次丙子2月22日 納賜平城宮皇后宮者、仏分壹拾種 白檀香四百七両 沈水香八十六両 浅香403両2分 丁子香84両 安息香70両2分 熏陸香511両 甘松香96両 楓香96両 蘇合香12両 青木香281両 聖僧分白檀香肆佰玖拾陸両 塔分白檀香壹佰陸拾両 右天平6年歳次甲戌2月 納賜平城宮皇后宮者)」라고 있으며, 각종 향목을 볼 수 있다.\n향목은 당시 불전에 불사르는 공양의 재료로서 사용되었고, 또 상류(箱類)・도자(刀子)의 자루나 초(梢)・경통(経筒)・붓대 등의 각종 공예재료로도, 방충 등의 용도로도 겸해서 사용되었다. 즉 쇼소인(正倉院)의 보물에, 침수향화쌍육국(沈水香画双六局)・백단팔각상(白檀八角箱)・침향파초도자(沈香把鞘刀子)・침향말도경통(沈香末塗経筒)・말조요침향목화필관(末造了沈香木画筆管) 등의 제작 예가 알려져 있다. 이 헌납 보물 가운데에도 또, 목화상(木画箱)・목화경상(木画経箱)・세자법화경경(細字法華経々筒)・옥장상(玉荘箱)・도자(刀子) 등에, 향목의 사용을 볼 수 있다. 또한 물에 잠기는 것을 침수향(沈水香), 잠기지 않는 것을 천수향(浅水香)으로 칭하였다고 한다.\n전단향(栴檀香)에는 「연력(延暦)20년 정5근」「경정24근 천응(天應)2년2월3일」「명치9明治」11年년4월 절취」의 묵서명(墨書銘), 그외에 불명분(不明文)의 소인(焼印)1과(顆)가 있다. 백단향(白檀香)에는「경정중12근8양 자5년3월4일」「백단연력20년정13근」「칡4근9양」「명치(明治)11년4월9일 절취」「탑」「절」등의 묵서명(墨書銘), 그외에 동일하게 불명분의 소인 1과가 볼 수 있다. 또 침수향에도, 「명치(明治)11년4월 9일 절취」의 묵서가 있다.\n","@language":"ko"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/100690001001/1/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":160,"width":200},"viewingHint":"individuals","viewingDirection":"","license":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/about","attribution":[{"@value":"独立行政法人国立文化財機構","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"National Institutes for Cultural Heritage","@language":"en"},{"@value":"国立文化财机构","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"국립문화재기구","@language":"ko"}],"logo":[{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/assets/img/logo.png"}],"rendering":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/detail?langId=ja&webView=&content_base_id=100690&content_part_id=0&content_pict_id=0","label":[{"@value":"e国宝 - 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