{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiifapi/100157014/manifest.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":[{"@value":"e国宝 - 伐那婆斯尊者 ","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"e-Museum - Vanavāsin","@language":"en"},{"@value":"e国宝 - 伐那婆斯尊者","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"e국보 - 벌나파사존자 ","@language":"ko"}],"metadata":[{"label":[{"@value":"指定区分","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Designation","@language":"en"},{"@value":"指定等级","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"문화재 지정 구분","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"国宝","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"National Treasure","@language":"en"},{"@value":"国宝","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"국보","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"分野","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Category","@language":"en"},{"@value":"类别","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"분야","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"絵画","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Painting","@language":"en"},{"@value":"绘画","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"회화","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"名称よみ","@language":"ja"}],"value":[{"@value":"ばなばすそんじゃ","@language":"ja"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"指定名称","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Official title","@language":"en"},{"@value":"指定名称","@language":"zh"}],"value":[{"@value":"絹本著色十六羅漢像","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"絹本著色十六羅漢像","@language":"en"},{"@value":"絹本著色十六羅漢像","@language":"zh"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"員数","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Quantity","@language":"en"},{"@value":"数量","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"수량","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"1幅","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"1 hanging scroll","@language":"en"},{"@value":"1幅","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"1폭","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"品質形状","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Media","@language":"en"},{"@value":"材质形状","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"재질/형태","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"絹本着色","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Color on silk","@language":"en"},{"@value":"绢本着色","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"견본착색","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"法量","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Dimensions","@language":"en"},{"@value":"尺寸","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"크기","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"95.9～97.2×51.8～52.2","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"L95.9-97.2xW51.8-52.2","@language":"en"},{"@value":"95.9～97.2×51.8～52.2","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"95.9~97.2�51.8~52.2","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"時代・世紀","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Period,Century","@language":"en"},{"@value":"年代・世纪","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"시대・세기","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"平安時代・11世紀","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Heian period/11th century","@language":"en"},{"@value":"平安时代 11世纪","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"헤이안시대・11세기","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"所蔵者","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Owner","@language":"en"},{"@value":"收藏家","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"소장자","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"東京国立博物館","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Tokyo National Museum","@language":"en"},{"@value":"东京国立博物馆","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"도쿄국립박물관","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"各館作品番号","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Collection reference no.","@language":"en"},{"@value":"机构管理序号","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"기관관리번호","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"A-10946, A-11085","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"A-10946, A-11085","@language":"en"},{"@value":"A-10946, A-11085","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"A-10946, A-11085","@language":"ko"}]}],"description":[{"@value":"　本図は日本の羅漢図の現存最古にして最高傑作として知られる作例。金箔（きんぱく）、金泥（きんでい）といった金属色を最小限に抑え、明度の高い顔料を絹の表裏から施すことで生まれる穏やかで澄んだ色彩が特徴で、穏やかな彩色主体の造形を基本とする11世紀の仏画の代表作の一つに位置づけられている。羅漢の姿や情景描写も、中世に流行する多くの羅漢図が怪異さを誇張した姿や劇的場面を描くのに対し、穏やかで品のある描写が特徴。それらの描写に加え、画中に描かれた寺院建築や樹木、室内の調度品（ちょうどひん）の描写などから唐（とう）時代にさかのぼる原図の存在が考えられている。また、画面上部に設けられた色紙形（しきしがた）と呼ばれる区画に書かれた文字や、地に施された草花と鳥の装飾は京都・平等院鳳凰堂（びょうどういんほうおうどう）壁扉画の色紙形に近い雰囲気を示している。\r\n　明治33年（1900）に旧国宝、昭和28年に文化財保護法による国宝に指定されており、東京国立博物館へは、文化財保護法施行前の昭和25年5月と7月に、8幅ずつ2回に分けて、滋賀・聖衆来迎寺（しょうじゅらいこうじ）からの購入により収蔵されている。\r\n\r\n（沖松）\r\n『国宝 東京国立博物館のすべて：東京国立博物館創立一五〇年記念 特別展』毎日新聞社他, 2022, p.276, no.1.\r\n","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Rakan (Skt. arhat), an abbreviation of Arakan, refers to sages and disciples of the historical Buddha, Sakyamuni. Having cast off all worldly desires and attained the highest level of ascetic practice, they are considered worthy of devotion. The Sixteen Arhats, enlightened disciples of Sakyamuni, are said to have remained in this world long after the extinction (Skt. parinirvana) of their master in order to protect Buddhist teachings and to save all sentient beings.\n\nThese paintings, formerly in Shôjuraigô-ji Temple in Otsu, Shiga Prefecture, are the oldest existing set of the Sixteen Arhats. Unlike the bizarre appearance of many arhat representations, they are here portrayed with gentle countenance, derived from early Buddhist iconography of the Tang dynasty (618-c. 907). Arhats, worshipers, divine beings, demons, and animals are arranged in diverse compositions and painted with a multitude of colors. In the upper part of each painting is a square area that notes the name and abode of each arhat. The depiction of the birds and flowers outlined in silver paint as well as the superb calligraphic style point to the refined taste of Heian nobility. Hence it is possible to deduce that the works stem from the latter half of the eleventh century.\n","@language":"en"},{"@value":"　　罗汉乃阿罗汉一词之略称，系指断除一切烦恼、证得修行最高果位，堪受世间大众供养的佛弟子或证见正理之圣者。释迦的十六位高徒，亦即罗汉，据说在释迦决意入涅盘之际，承佛命永住世间、普渡众生，并于各地护持弘扬佛法。\n　　本图原为滋贺县大津市圣众来迎寺旧藏，是现存年代最早的十六罗汉图。与常见的具有怪异相貌的罗汉象有所不同，承袭了较为古老的唐代图象表现传统，罗汉及其眷属（指闻道受教而亲近或顺从之人）面部表情则甚为温和安祥。居止行卧于佛堂内外的罗汉、供养者、天部（指欲界天以上，色界、无色界天诸天、日月星辰、龙、阿修罗、阎魔王，或药师十二将等之总称）、鬼神、动物等被安排于极富变化的构图之中，画面整体用色丰富。此外，在各幅画画面上方，画有方形纸笺，以银泥描绘出花鸟纹样，并写上罗汉之名及住所。由于纸笺状方块中的纹样意趣及文字书风，为平安时代贵族特有的优雅品味之反映，因而推测为十一世纪下半叶的作品。\n","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"나한은 아라한(阿羅漢)을 줄인 말로서 일체의 번뇌를 끊고 최고의 수행 단계에 이르러 사람들의 공양을 받아도 부족함이 없는 불제자 혹은 성자를 일컫는다. 16명의 석가의 제자 즉 십육 나한은 열반에 들려는 석가로부터 영원히 현세에 머물면서 불법을 수호하고 중생을 구제하라고 하는 당부를 듣고 각지에서 불법을 수호 전파하게 되었다고 한다.\n  이 나한상은 원래 시가현 오쓰시(滋賀県大津市)의 쇼쥬라이고지(聖衆来迎寺) 절에 소장되었던 것으로 현존하는 십육 나한도 중 가장 오래된 작품이다.\n 많은 나한상들이 기괴한 용모를 하고 있는 것과는 달리 이 나한상은 중국 당나라시대의 도상(図像) 형식의 흐름을 이어받아 나한과 권속들의 표정이 온화하게 표현되어 있다.\n  불당 안팎의 나한, 공양자, 천부(天部)*, 귀신, 동물 등이 다양한 구도로 배치되어 있으며 화면 전체가 다채로운 색채로 그려져 있다. 또한 각 화폭의 윗부분에는 색지를 붙인 것처럼 구획을 지어 나한의 이름과 주재하는 곳을 적어 놓았다. 여기에 은니로 그려진 화조 문양의 취향과 서풍에서 헤이안시대 귀족들의 우아한 취미가 엿보여 11세기 후반에 제작된 것으로 추측된다.\n\n*천부:제바(提婆)라고도 하며 육도십계(六道十界)의 하나. 수미산 위의 27제천 혹은 그곳에 사는 여러 신\n","@language":"ko"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/101109001001/1/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":200,"width":109},"viewingHint":"individuals","viewingDirection":"","license":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/about","attribution":[{"@value":"独立行政法人国立文化財機構","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"National Institutes for Cultural Heritage","@language":"en"},{"@value":"国立文化财机构","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"국립문화재기구","@language":"ko"}],"logo":[{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/assets/img/logo.png"}],"rendering":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/detail?langId=ja&webView=&content_base_id=100157&content_part_id=14&content_pict_id=0","label":[{"@value":"e国宝 - 伐那婆斯尊者 ","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"e-Museum - Vanavāsin","@language":"en"},{"@value":"e国宝 - 伐那婆斯尊者","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"e국보 - 벌나파사존자 ","@language":"ko"}],"format":"text/html"},"within":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiifapi/100157000/collection.json","@type":"sc:Collection","label":[{"@value":"十六羅漢像","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Sixteen Arhats","@language":"en"},{"@value":"十六罗汉像","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"16나한상","@language":"ko"}]},"sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100157014002.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"3","height":3290,"width":6602,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100157014002.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100157014002.tif","profile":["http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",{"formats":["jpg"],"qualities":["native","color","gray"],"supports":["regionByPct","sizeByForcedWh","sizeByWh","sizeAboveFull","rotationBy90s","mirroring","gray"]}]},"height":3290,"width":6602},"on":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100157014002.tif#xywh=0,0,6602,3290"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/100157014002/2/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image"}}]}]}