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The hells are one of the six realms to which a person is consigned after death as a result of his or her deeds during this life. The Hell Scroll (J. Jigoku zôshi) is an illustrated handscroll depicting the suffering of sinners who have fallen into this realm.\n\nThis scroll, which depicts four subsidiary hells within one of the Eight Greater Hells, was kept in the storehouse of Anjû-in Temple in Okayama Prefecture. It depicts murderers, thieves, adulterers, and so forth, who have fallen into the Hell of Cloud, Fire, and Mist. The naked men and women are in agony as they burn in an enormous fire. The writhing flames are vividly and effectively rendered with concise lines and black and vermilion tones. The painting probably caused its viewers to shudder with fear and foreboding, encouraging them to embrace the desire to be born into the Pure Land.\n\nThe text, a mixture of Chinese characters (J. kanji) and Japanese phonetic script (J. kana), is based on Chinese sutras written in Japanese style. It is thought that this scroll, together with the illustrated handscrolls of the Hungry Ghosts (J. Gaki zôshi) and the Extermination of Evil (J. Hekijae), is part of the Paintings of the Six Paths (J. Rokudôe) stored in the treasure house of Rengeô-in (commonly known as Sanjûsangendô) Temple, which was built by cloistered emperor Goshirakawa (1127-1192, r. 1155-1158).","@language":"en"},{"@value":"　本画卷由「词书」与画所组成的六段，加上仅留下画的一段，合计七段所构成（词书指画卷中为了说明画中情景所添加的文字），表现的是中国隋代的闍那崛多译《起世经》中的十六小地狱，据说地狱中有八大地狱，其周围有十六个小地狱。《起世经》中虽然列举了十六个小地狱为：（一）「黑云沙」、（二）「粪屎泥」、（三）「五叉」、（四）「饥饿」、（五）「燋渴」、（六）「脓血」、（七）「一铜釜」、（八）「多铜釜」、（九）「铁磑」、（十）「函量」、（十一）「鸡」、（十二）「灰河」、（十三）「斫截」、（十四）「剑叶」、（十五）「狐狼」、（十六）「寒冰」，但是本画卷中现有场景的排列为（二）（十）（九）（十一）（一）（六）（十五），顺序已经有所替换。此外，美国波士顿美术馆所藏相当于（七）「一铜釜」部分的断片，可能曾经是本画卷的一部分。还有一种说法是，第七段所描绘的并非《起世经》的「狐狼地狱」，而是《大楼炭经》中所说的「狼野干泥梨」。\n词书的部分以「尚有别所」开头，加入《起世经》中相符合的部分，并记载使罪人沦入地狱的现世罪状。\n本画卷的线描柔软，并施加低抑的暗色调色彩。虽然整体漂荡着厚重的气氛，但却令人感受到某种超越性的平静。关于图样方面，有在中尊寺的扉页画中也可见到的「铁磑所」，也有明显地受到中国宋代影响的「鸡地狱」。在现存的〈地狱草纸〉、〈沙门地狱草纸〉、〈饿鬼草纸〉、〈辟邪绘〉、〈病草纸〉等所谓六道画卷的作品之中，本作品可说显示了最为精妙的画风。\n此外，关于六道画卷较有力的说法是，这些作品相当于后白河法皇（1127－1192）下令制作（退位的天皇若入佛门则称法皇），并收于莲华王院宝库的那批「六道绘」的一部分（六道指地狱、饿鬼、畜生、阿修罗、人、天等六个轮回的世界，而描绘六道世界的绘画称为六道绘）。\n本画卷在明治时代是由东京的大圣院所藏，经由神奈川的原家收藏而后归为国有，与东京国立博物馆收藏的〈地狱草纸〉（曾为冈山的安住院收藏）并列为六道绘中的名作。","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"헤이안시대 말기 사회가 불안해짐에 따라서 육도(六道)*사상도 크게 유행하였다．지옥은 생전의 죄업에 따라 이르게 되는 육도 세계의 하나로서 지옥도는 지옥에 떨어져 고통받는 죄인들의 모습을 그린 두루마리 그림이다．\n이 작품은 원래 오카야마(岡山)의 안주인(安住院) 절에 소장되었던 한 권으로 8대 지옥 중 4별소 지옥이 그려져 있다．그 중에서도 살생, 도둑질， 사음(邪淫) 등의 죄를 지은 죄인이 떨어지는 운화무(雲火霧) 지옥에서는 옥졸(獄卒)들에게 쫓긴 남녀가 알몸으로 활활 타오르는 불길 속에서 몹시 괴로워하는 모습이 그려져 있다．\n화면 전체에 붉은 불꽃과 유혈의 주홍색이 생생하며 간결하고 정확한 묘선， 검은색과 붉은색의 조화가 효과적으로 나타나 있다. 이는 사람들에게 전율할 만한 지옥의 공포와 혐오감을 심어주며 정토 세계에 다시 태어나길 기원하는 마음이 일도록 했을 것이다． 그림 속의 글(詞書)은 한자와 일본 가나를 병용하여 경전을 해석한 것이다．\n이 작품은‘아귀도(餓鬼草紙)’‘벽사회(辟邪絵)’등과 함께 고시라카와(後白河) 법황의 렌게오인(蓮華王院)에 전래되었던‘육도회(六道絵)’의 일부였던 것으로 추측된다．\n\n*육도:생전에 지은 선악의 업에 따라 필연적으로 이르는 여섯 세계．지옥， 아귀， 축생， 아수라， 인간， 천상 세계를 가리킨다","@language":"ko"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/100155001000/1/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":170,"width":200},"viewingHint":"continuous","viewingDirection":"right-to-left","license":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/about","attribution":[{"@value":"独立行政法人国立文化財機構","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"National Institutes for Cultural 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