{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiifapi/100146000/manifest.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":[{"@value":"e国宝 - 秋冬山水図","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"e-Museum - Autumn and Winter Landscapes","@language":"en"},{"@value":"e国宝 - 秋冬山水图","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"e국보 - 추동산수도","@language":"ko"}],"metadata":[{"label":[{"@value":"指定区分","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Designation","@language":"en"},{"@value":"指定等级","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"문화재 지정 구분","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"国宝","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"National Treasure","@language":"en"},{"@value":"国宝","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"국보","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"分野","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Category","@language":"en"},{"@value":"类别","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"분야","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"絵画","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Painting","@language":"en"},{"@value":"绘画","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"회화","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"名称よみ","@language":"ja"}],"value":[{"@value":"しゅうとうさんすいず","@language":"ja"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"指定名称","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Official title","@language":"en"},{"@value":"指定名称","@language":"zh"}],"value":[{"@value":"紙本墨画秋冬山水図","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"紙本墨画秋冬山水図","@language":"en"},{"@value":"紙本墨画秋冬山水図","@language":"zh"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"作者","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Creator","@language":"en"},{"@value":"作者","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"작자","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"雪舟等楊筆","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"By Sesshū Touyou","@language":"en"},{"@value":"雪舟、等杨笔","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"셋슈토요 필","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"作者よみ","@language":"ja"}],"value":[{"@value":"せっしゅうとうよう","@language":"ja"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"員数","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Quantity","@language":"en"},{"@value":"数量","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"수량","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"2幅","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"2 hanging scrolls","@language":"en"},{"@value":"2幅","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"2폭","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"品質形状","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Media","@language":"en"},{"@value":"材质形状","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"재질/형태","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"紙本墨画","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Ink on paper","@language":"en"},{"@value":"纸本墨画","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"지본묵화","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"法量","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Dimensions","@language":"en"},{"@value":"尺寸","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"크기","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"各47.7×30.2","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"47.7x30.2each","@language":"en"},{"@value":"各47.7×30.2","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"각 47.7×30.2","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"時代・世紀","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Period,Century","@language":"en"},{"@value":"年代・世纪","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"시대・세기","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"室町時代・15世紀末～16世紀初","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Muromachi period/end of 15th century- start of 16th century","@language":"en"},{"@value":"室町时代・15世纪末～16世纪初","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"무로마치시대・15세기말~16세기초","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"所蔵者","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Owner","@language":"en"},{"@value":"收藏家","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"소장자","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"東京国立博物館","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Tokyo National Museum","@language":"en"},{"@value":"东京国立博物馆","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"도쿄국립박물관","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"各館作品番号","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Collection reference no.","@language":"en"},{"@value":"机构管理序号","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"기관관리번호","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"A-1398","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"A-1398","@language":"en"},{"@value":"A-1398","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"A-1398","@language":"ko"}]}],"description":[{"@value":"　歴史の教科書や切手などにも使用される著名な山水図。右幅では、手前から奥へと岩組が交互に配されて整理された構成を取るのに対し、左幅では、大胆に切り取った懸崖の垂直線を中心に景物が複雑に重ね合わされ、抽象度が強い。南宋の宮廷画家・夏珪（かけい）の様式に準じて描かれたものだが、力強くも荒っぽい筆致や、構築的で堅固な画面構成などには雪舟らしさが存分にみてとれる。\r\n　一方で、不明確な要素を多々含む、性格づけが難しい作品としても知られる。たとえば季節ひとつとっても、雪景色を描く左幅が冬を示すのは明らかだが、右幅には秋を示す目立った特徴はなく、明治期には「夏冬山水図」と呼ばれていた。また近年では、画面右下に描かれる梅の古木の描写から、「春冬山水図」と呼ぶべきとする見解も出されている。\r\n　また、鑑賞形態や制作目的についても諸説が分かれる。主要なものとして、四幅一対の四季山水図のうち二幅のみが残ったとみる説、画帖や貼付屛風に用いられたとみる説、大内氏館の襖絵（ふすまえ）制作のための見本として描かれたとする説などが挙げられる。なお、本作は昭和11年に京都・曼殊院（まんしゅいん）より購入された。\r\n\r\n（高橋）\r\n『国宝 東京国立博物館のすべて：東京国立博物館創立一五〇年記念 特別展』毎日新聞社他, 2022, p.279, no.13.","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Originally, Autumn Landscape and Winter Landscape were passed down in the Kyoto temple Manshu-in as Summer and Winter Landscapes, and it is thought that these were two of four scrolls depicting the theme Landscapes of the Four Seasons. Sesshû (1420-1506?) studied many modes of painting, including those of Muromachi-period Japanese painter-monks Shûbun and Josetsu, as well as various masters of the Southern Song dynasty (c. 1127-1279), and of the Zhe School of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644), however, the stable composition and strong brushwork of these two scrolls demonstrate Sesshû's individual style.\n\nIn Autumn Landscape, Sesshû reveals a steady recession into pictorial space: he depicts a winding path following the flow of water from the bottom left of the painting, on which he conspicuously places two people engaged in conversation, with the buildings and mountains in the distant. The motifs are gathered at the bottom, while the upper portion of the painting expands infinitely, in strong contrast to Winter Landscape.\n\nIn Winter Landscape, a snow-laden cliff occupies the center of the painting, and a single figure, who has just disembarked from a boat, climbs towards the buildings. The powerful contour lines of the overhanging cliff and the barren winter trees evoke a sense of bitter cold. The composition, which places rocks and mountains in a counterclockwise spiral from the bottom left corner, strongly conveys the contrived structure of the painting. Along with the strong quality of the brushwork, this composition intentionally contradicts the sense of deep recession into pictorial space.\n","@language":"en"},{"@value":"　这两幅雪舟所作的〈秋景山水图〉与〈冬景山水图〉，原来被视为「夏冬山水」而收藏于京都曼殊院。也有学者认为，这原是四幅一组的四季山水图其中之两件。作者雪舟（1420－1506？），虽然曾学习过日本画家周文与如拙、中国南宋诸大家，以及明代浙派等各式各样的风格，然而在这两幅山水画中所见到的，带有安定感的构图，或强健的笔致等表现，则显示出雪舟个人独特的画风。\n　　在〈秋景山水图〉中，画家自画面左下角画出沿着水流向画面中心弯曲延伸的小径，在路中并安置了正在交谈的两名人物作为点景之用，接着画了楼阁与远山，表现出着实而明确的空间深度。将所有景物集中于画面下方，而上方则是一片广阔的空间。这种构图手法，恰与〈冬景山水图〉形成对称。\n　　另在〈冬景山水图〉中，被白雪覆盖的断崖矗立于画面中央，画中人物在下了小舟后朝楼阁方向走去。彷佛倒挂悬垂的断崖强而有力的轮廓线，以及冬天枯干的树木等描写，使人生起一种严寒之感。自画面左下角，将岩石、山块等以反时钟之方向配置成螺旋状的构图，让人强烈感觉到一种人为性安排。画家有意地利用这种空间架构手法与强烈的笔墨表现相互搭配，营造出画面空间深度。","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"원래 교토의 만슈인(曼殊院) 절에‘여름과 겨울 산수’라는 이름으로 전래되었던‘추경산수도’와‘동경산수도’이다. 사계 산수도의 4폭 가운데 2폭인 것으로 여겨진다. 셋슈(1420-1506?)는 슈분(周文), 죠세쓰(如拙), 남송의 여러 대가, 명대의 절파(浙派) 등 실로 다양한 양식을 학습했지만 이 그림에 보이는 안정감있는 구도와 힘찬 필치는 셋슈의 독자적인 화풍을 잘 나타내고 있다.\n‘가을 풍경’에서는 화면의 왼쪽 아래부터 계류를 따라 구부러진 길이 이어지며 도중에 이야기를 주고받는 2사람의 인물이 점경으로 묘사되어 있다. 더욱이 그 뒤로 누각과 원산이 이어져 공간의 깊이감이 견실하게 표현되어 있다. 그림의 모티프가 아랫쪽에 집중되고 윗쪽은 끝없이 넓은 공간이 전개되고 있는 점은‘겨울 풍경’과 대조적이다.\n 한편‘겨울 풍경’에서는 눈으로 뒤덮인 절벽이 화면 중앙에 솟아 있으며 배에서 내린 인물이 누각을 향해 걸어가고 있는 모습을 그렸다. 허공에 걸린 절벽을 나타낸 강한 윤곽선과 말라버린 겨울 나무는 혹독한 추위를 느끼게 한다. 화면 왼쪽아래의 구석에서부터 시계 바늘의 반대 방향으로 바위와 산들을 나선형으로 배치한 구도는 인위적 구축성을 강하게 풍긴다. 강한 필묵의 기세와 더불어 화면 공간에는 의도적인 깊이감이 배제되어 있다.\n","@language":"ko"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/100146001001/1/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":200,"width":123},"viewingHint":"individuals","viewingDirection":"","license":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/about","attribution":[{"@value":"独立行政法人国立文化財機構","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"National Institutes for Cultural Heritage","@language":"en"},{"@value":"国立文化财机构","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"국립문화재기구","@language":"ko"}],"logo":[{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/assets/img/logo.png"}],"rendering":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/detail?langId=ja&webView=&content_base_id=100146&content_part_id=0&content_pict_id=0","label":[{"@value":"e国宝 - 秋冬山水図","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"e-Museum - Autumn and Winter Landscapes","@language":"en"},{"@value":"e国宝 - 秋冬山水图","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"e국보 - 추동산수도","@language":"ko"}],"format":"text/html"},"sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100146001001.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"1","height":11633,"width":7179,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100146001001.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100146001001.tif","profile":["http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",{"formats":["jpg"],"qualities":["native","color","gray"],"supports":["regionByPct","sizeByForcedWh","sizeByWh","sizeAboveFull","rotationBy90s","mirroring","gray"]}]},"height":11633,"width":7179},"on":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100146001001.tif#xywh=0,0,7179,11633"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/100146001001/1/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image"}},{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100146001002.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"2","height":11904,"width":7628,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100146001002.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100146001002.tif","profile":["http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",{"formats":["jpg"],"qualities":["native","color","gray"],"supports":["regionByPct","sizeByForcedWh","sizeByWh","sizeAboveFull","rotationBy90s","mirroring","gray"]}]},"height":11904,"width":7628},"on":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100146001002.tif#xywh=0,0,7628,11904"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/100146001002/2/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image"}}]}]}