{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiifapi/100092009/manifest.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":[{"@value":"e国宝 - 都市王図","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"e-Museum - The Ten Kings of Hell, King Dushi (J. Toshi)","@language":"en"},{"@value":"e国宝 - 都市王图","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"e국보 - 도시왕도","@language":"ko"}],"metadata":[{"label":[{"@value":"指定区分","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Designation","@language":"en"},{"@value":"指定等级","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"문화재 지정 구분","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"重要文化財","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Important Cultural Property","@language":"en"},{"@value":"重要文化财","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"중요문화재","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"分野","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Category","@language":"en"},{"@value":"类别","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"분야","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"絵画","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Painting","@language":"en"},{"@value":"绘画","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"회화","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"名称よみ","@language":"ja"}],"value":[{"@value":"としおうず","@language":"ja"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"指定名称","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Official title","@language":"en"},{"@value":"指定名称","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"지정 명칭","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"絹本著色十王図","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"絹本著色十王図","@language":"en"},{"@value":"絹本著色十王図","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"絹本著色十王図","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"作者","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Creator","@language":"en"},{"@value":"作者","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"작자","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"陸信忠筆","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"By Lu Xinzhong","@language":"en"},{"@value":"陆信忠执笔","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"육신충 필","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"作者よみ","@language":"ja"}],"value":[{"@value":"りくしんちゅう","@language":"ja"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"員数","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Quantity","@language":"en"},{"@value":"数量","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"수량","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"1幅","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"1 hanging scroll","@language":"en"},{"@value":"1幅","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"1폭","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"品質形状","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Media","@language":"en"},{"@value":"材质形状","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"재질/형태","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"絹本著色　金泥　掛幅","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Ink and colors on silk　Gold paint (<i>kindei</i>)　Hanging scroll","@language":"en"},{"@value":"绢本着色　金泥　挂轴","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"비단에 채색 금니 족자","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"法量","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Dimensions","@language":"en"},{"@value":"尺寸","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"크기","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"各縦83.2　横47.0","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"H 83.2, W 47.0","@language":"en"},{"@value":"各纵83.2　横47.0","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"각 세로 83.2　가로 47.0","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"時代・世紀","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Period,Century","@language":"en"},{"@value":"年代・世纪","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"시대・세기","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"中国・南宋時代・13世紀","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Southern Song dynasty, China/13th century","@language":"en"},{"@value":"中国南宋时代(13世纪)","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"중국 남송(13세기)","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"所蔵者","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Owner","@language":"en"},{"@value":"收藏家","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"소장자","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"奈良国立博物館","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Nara National Museum","@language":"en"},{"@value":"奈良国立博物馆","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"나라국립박물관","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"各館作品番号","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Collection reference no.","@language":"en"},{"@value":"机构管理序号","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"기관관리번호","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"1013(絵201)","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"1013(絵201)","@language":"en"},{"@value":"1013(絵201)","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"1013(絵201)","@language":"ko"}]}],"description":[{"@value":"　人が死後に赴く冥土〈めいど〉には、亡者の罪業の審判者として閻羅王〈えんらおう〉（閻魔王）など十人の王がおり、初七日から七七日までの七日ごと、および百日・一年・三年の各忌日に、順次各王の許で裁かれて行き、六道のどこへ生まれ変わるかを決められるという。中国では五代（10世紀）頃から遺品があり、宋・元時代の明州（現在の浙江省寧波市）の職業的画工の作品がわが国へも多くもたらされた。それを代表するのが陸信忠〈りくしんちゅう〉筆本である。本品の落款には一部欠損があるものの、当館の陸信忠筆「仏涅槃図」と筆跡が一致すると認められる。十図はいずれも王が冥官たちを伴い、椅子に掛けて机に向かい罪状を調べており、前には裁きを受ける亡者や、あるいはすでに有罪とされた亡者が様々の刑罰を受ける様子などが獄卒の鬼たちと共に描かれる。的確な象形と鮮麗な彩色による濃密な表現は、陸信忠一流のものである。なお王の背後の衝立〈ついたて〉にはどれも水墨山水図が描かれ、日本への水墨画導入にこれら画中画が一つの役割を果たしたと考えられる。","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"The Ten Kings of Hell are judges in the afterlife led by the king of hell, called Yanluo or Yan in Chinese (J. Enra/Enma; Skt. Yama). The deceased are judged for their deeds in life by a different king every 7th day after death, from the 7th through 49th day, on the 100th day, at the end of the 1st year, and finally, at the end of the 2nd year. These ten judgements determine the realm into which they will be reborn. In China, extant paintings of the Ten Kings of Hell date as early as the Five Dynasties period (ca. 10th century). Several works by professional painters in Mingzhou (now Ningbo, Zhejiang Province) produced between the Song (960–1279) and Yuan (1271–1368) dynasties were brought to Japan. Some of the best-known works were painted by Lu Xinzhong (dates unknown). Although part of the inscription on this painting is missing, the handwriting matches the inscription on <i>The Death of the Buddha</i> by Lu Xinzhong in the Nara National Museum’s collection. Each of the ten paintings shows a king attended by bureaucrats sitting at a desk while perusing a list of sins. The deceased stand before them, either awaiting judgement or, for those already found guilty, being punished by hell’s demons. The detailed renderings created in precise forms and vibrant pigments are unique to Li Xinzhong’s work. The standing screens behind the kings are adorned with ink landscape paintings. These “paintings within paintings” likely played a role in introducing ink painting to Japan. ","@language":"en"},{"@value":"　　据称人死后前往的阴间，有阎罗王(阎魔王)等十个魔王要对死者罪孽进行审判。死者在头七到七七每隔七日，以及于百日、一年及三年的忌日依次接受各魔王的审判，以决定转世脱胎至六道中的何处。中国自五代(10世纪)时期便留有遗作，宋、元时代明州(现浙江省宁波市)职业画匠的作品还被大量传至日本。陆信忠的画便是其中的代表作。本图的落款虽有部分缺损，但仍可辨认出与本馆收藏的陆信忠绘“佛涅般图”的笔迹一致。十图均描绘了魔王带领一群冥官坐在椅子伏案查阅罪状，前面绘有狱卒小鬼、将要接受审判的死者、还有被判有罪的死者接受各种刑罚的场景。准确的像形和鲜丽的彩色构成浓重细腻的表现手法，堪称陆信忠流派的佳作。另外魔王身后的屏风上均绘有水墨山水，此类画中画在日本的水墨画引进史上起到了一种积极的作用。","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"　사람이 죽은 후 향하는 저승에는 망자의 죄의 심판자로서 염라왕(閻羅王, 염마왕이라고도 함) 등 10인의 왕이 있으며, 처음 7일부터 77일까지 7일마다, 그리고 백일, 1년, 3년의 각 기일에 차례대로 각 왕에게 심판을 받고, 육도(六道) 중 어느 곳에서 태어날 지가 결정된다고 한다. 중국에는 오대(10세기)경부터 작품이 남아있으며, 송・원대에 명주(明州, 지금의 절강성 영파시) 지역에서 활동한 직업 화공들의 작품이 일본으로 다수 넘어왔다. 그 중 대표되는 것이 육신충(陸信忠, 생몰년미상)이 제작한 것이다. 본 작품에 찍힌 낙관(落款)에는 일부 파손이 있으나 나라국립박물관이 소장하고 있는 육신충필 「불열반도(佛涅槃圖) 」와 필적이 일치한다. 각 그림에는 모든 왕들이 명관(冥官)을 동반하고 있다. 책상 앞 의자에 앉아 죄상을 살펴보고 있으며, 앞에는 판결을 받는 망자와 이미 유죄 판결이 난 망자가 다양한 형벌을 받는 모습 등이 옥졸(獄卒) 차림을 한 요괴들과 함께 그려져 있다. 정확한 상형(像形)과 선명하고 아름다운 채색을 담은 농밀한 표현은 육신충 유파의 것이다. 또한, 왕 뒷편에 있는 칸막이에는 모두 수묵산수도(水墨山水圖)가 그려져 있어, 일본에 수묵화가 도입되기에 이들 도상이 일부 역할을 한 것으로 보인다. 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