{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiifapi/100028000/manifest.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":[{"@value":"e国宝 - 白釉経筒","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"e-Museum - White-glazed sutra container","@language":"en"},{"@value":"e国宝 - 白釉经筒","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"e국보 - 백유 경통","@language":"ko"}],"metadata":[{"label":[{"@value":"指定区分","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Designation","@language":"en"},{"@value":"指定等级","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"문화재 지정 구분","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"重要文化財","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Important Cultural Property","@language":"en"},{"@value":"重要文化财","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"중요문화재","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"分野","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Category","@language":"en"},{"@value":"类别","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"분야","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"考古","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Archaeology","@language":"en"},{"@value":"考古","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"고고","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"名称よみ","@language":"ja"}],"value":[{"@value":"はくゆうきょうづつ","@language":"ja"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"指定名称","@language":"ja"}],"value":[{"@value":"白釉経筒","@language":"ja"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"出土地","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Excavation","@language":"en"},{"@value":"出土地","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"출토지","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"伝福岡県四王寺山出土","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Reportedly from Mt. Shiōji, Fukuoka, Japan","@language":"en"},{"@value":"传福冈县四王寺山出土","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"후쿠오카현 시오지산 출토로 전해짐","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"員数","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Quantity","@language":"en"},{"@value":"数量","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"수량","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"1合","@language":"ja"},{"@value":" ","@language":"en"},{"@value":"1只","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"1점","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"品質形状","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Media","@language":"en"},{"@value":"材质形状","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"재질/형태","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"土製","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Clay","@language":"en"},{"@value":"土制","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"흙","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"法量","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Dimensions","@language":"en"},{"@value":"尺寸","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"크기","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"総高34.5","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Max. height 34.5 cm","@language":"en"},{"@value":"通高34.5","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"총높이 34.5","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"時代・世紀","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Period,Century","@language":"en"},{"@value":"年代・世纪","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"시대・세기","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"平安時代（中国・南宋時代）　12世紀","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Heian period or Southern Song dynasty (China), 12th century","@language":"en"},{"@value":"平安时代（南宋） 12世纪","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"헤이안시대(중국 남송시대), 12세기","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"所蔵者","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Owner","@language":"en"},{"@value":"收藏家","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"소장자","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"九州国立博物館","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Kyushu National Museum","@language":"en"},{"@value":"九州国立博物馆","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"규슈국립박물관","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"各館作品番号","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Collection reference no.","@language":"en"},{"@value":"机构管理序号","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"기관관리번호","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"J36","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"J36","@language":"en"},{"@value":"J36","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"J36","@language":"ko"}]}],"description":[{"@value":"　福岡県四王寺山（しおうじやま）出土と伝えられる陶製経筒である。平安時代末に末法思想（まっぽうしそう）を背景に極楽往生（ごくらくおうじょう）を願う信仰が都から九州へともたらされた。仏教の経典を地中に埋めて正しい教えを後世に残そうとした経塚の造営が、最も早く実を結んだのが九州の北部地域であった。四王寺山は大分の宇佐（うさ）や、福岡の英彦山（ひこさん）、求菩提山（くぼてさん）と並んで、九州でも有数の経塚が集中して造営された地域である。\r\n　さて、経筒の材質としては青銅製が主流であるが、このように陶製のものも見受けられる。ただし、本品のように中国製磁器で、しかも蓮華座（れんげざ）をともなう装飾性豊かなものは珍しい。生産地の詳細は不明だが、中国華南地方（浙江や福建）で12世紀代に制作されたものと考えられる。四王寺山周辺の経塚の中には、博多に居留した宋の商人がその造営に関わった例が少なくなく、これら宋人達が注文した特製経筒の一例と考えられる。経塚文化の九州北部における受容と、東シナ海の交易を考え合わせることができる点でも興味深い資料である。\r\n　経筒の特徴としては、大きな笠部が反り上がった蓋と、大振りの塔形に造られたつまみを挙げることができる。筒部は僅かに胴張り気味の形状で、2条１組の凹線を上下に施す。下方に１条の節帯を巡らし、その下部に浮き彫りの蓮華座を配する。底部の高台は低く、外側に大きく開いている。胎土は淡灰色で、白色の化粧土を施した後に、僅かに緑色を帯びた透明釉をかける。ただし、蓋内面と筒外底部は露胎となる。\r\n　この経筒の付属品には、白磁小壺、刀子、合子蓋がある。小壺には大きな亀裂が見受けられ、口縁部が一部欠損する。これらは経塚に副葬された品々と思われる。","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"This ceramic sutra container was allegedly unearthed from Mt. Shiōji in Fukuoka. Toward the end of the Heian period, the Buddhist concept of <i>mappō</i>, an age of future dharmic decline in which the Buddha’s teachings would be forgotten, took hold. This prompted a wave of practices centering around rebirth into paradise, which spread from the capital city of Kyoto to Kyushu. Northern Kyushu was, in fact, the earliest place in Japan to see the practice of burying Buddhist sutras underground and building mounds over them as a means of passing the Buddha’s teachings on to future generations. Since then, sutra mounds have sprouted all over Kyushu, concentrated on some major sites like Usa, Oita; Mts. Hiko and Kubote in Fukuoka, as well as the aforementioned Mt. Shiōji.\r\n\r\nMost containers created to store these sutras for burial are made of bronze, though some are made of ceramic. What makes this particular object unique is how it was made in China, and features decorative elements such as a lotus pedestal. Although its exact place of production is unknown, experts believe it may have been created in southern China (possibly Zhejiang or Fujian) in the twelfth century. Since several of the sutra mounds on Mt. Shiōji were constructed by Song Chinese merchants who had immigrated to Hakata, it is likely that this was one among a number of ceramic sutra containers that they had ordered and imported directly from China. In other words, this artifact offers a glimpse not only into the permeation of sutra burial culture in northern Kyushu, but also the state of trade happening across the East China Sea.\r\n\r\nThis sutra container features a hat-like lid that curves upwards towards the rim, topped with a large, pagoda-shaped knob. The body of the container swells slightly toward the middle, and is decorated with two pairs of incised lines, one toward the top, and one toward the bottom. A horizontal band separates the main body from a bottom portion, which is carved into the shape of a lotus pedestal. This is supported by a low, flared base. In terms of material, this container was created out of light gray clay. Its external surface was then covered in white slip and coated in a slightly green transparent glaze; its inner surface and bottom were left as is.\r\n\r\nThis container came together with a small white porcelain jar, a knife, and a container lid. The jar bears a large crack and a damaged mouth. These objects may have been buried in the same sutra mound as the container.","@language":"en"},{"@value":"　　陶瓷藏经筒，据传出土于福冈县四王寺山。日本平安时代末期（约12世纪后期），佛教末法思想盛行，众生祈求往生极乐，此信仰从京城传到了九州。人们希望将佛教教义正确地留传给后世，开始营造经冢，将佛经埋入冢中。在九州，这种埋经现象最先出现在北部地区。福冈县的四王寺山与大分县的宇佐、福冈县的英彦山及求菩提山一道，并称九州首屈一指的经冢集中地。\r\n　　日本的藏经筒主流材质为青铜，偶尔也有此类陶瓷制品。不过，如本品这般属于中国瓷器，且带有莲花座等极富装饰性的藏经筒非常罕见。此藏经筒产地不详，据推测可能于12世纪制作于中国华南地区（浙江或福建）。由于在四王寺山一带的经冢中，有不少是居住于博多地区的宋代商人参与营建的，所以此藏经筒或为宋商特别订制之物。这件文物让人联想到经冢文化在九州北部地区的传播与东海海上贸易之间的关联，因此极具考古价值。\r\n　　此藏经筒的主要造型特点在于，筒盖宽沿、外翻，盖钮形制较大，造型酷似佛塔。筒身微鼓，上下分别施以凹弦纹，两道一组。器身下方另有一道凸弦纹，其下为浮雕莲花座。低圈足，外撇幅度大。胎土为浅褐色，先施以白泥，再挂上微微透绿的透明釉。筒盖内部与底足为露胎。此藏经筒还带有附属品，有白瓷小罐、小刀以及曾与器身配套的盒盖。其中，小罐严重龟裂，口沿部残缺。据推测，这些物品应该曾一同被埋于经冢内。","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"　후쿠오카현 시오지야마 산 출토로 전해지는 도제 경통이다. 헤이안시대 말에 말법사상을 배경으로 극락왕생을 바라는 신앙이 도읍에서 규슈로 전해졌다. 불교의 경전을 땅속에 묻어 올바른 가르침을 후세에 전하고자 경총이 조영되었는데, 가장 먼저 결실을 이룬 지역이 규슈 북부 지역이었다. 시오지야마 산은 오이타현의 우사, 후쿠오카현의 히코산, 구보테산과 함께 규슈에서도 유수의 경총 집중 조영지역이다. \r\n　경통의 재질은 청동제가 일반적이나, 이와 같이 도제 경통 또한 볼 수 있다. 다만 이 경통처럼 중국제 자기에 연화좌를 가진 장식성이 높은 작품은 드물다. 생산지는 자세히 알 수 없으나, 중국 화남 지방(저장 또는 푸젠)에서 12세기에 제작된 것으로 보인다. 시오지야마 산 주변의 경총 중에는 하카타에 체류한 송나라 상인이 조영에 관여한 예가 적지 않으며, 이러한 송나라 사람들이 주문한 특제 경통의 한 예로 보인다. 경총 문화가 규슈 북부에서 수용된 양상과 동중국해의 교역을 함께 생각해 볼 수 있는 점에서도 매우 흥미로운 자료다.\r\n　이 경통의 특징으로는 뚜껑의 큰 갓 모양 부분이 젖혀진 점과 비교적 크게 만들어진 탑모양의 꼭지를 들 수 있다. 몸통은 약간 볼록하며, 두 줄 한 쌍의 선을 위아래에 새겨 넣었다. 아래쪽에 한 줄의 돌기선을 두르고, 그 아래에 부조로 연화좌를 배치했다. 바닥 부분의 굽은 낮으며, 바깥쪽으로 크게 퍼진 모양이다. 태토는 옅은 회색으로, 백색 화장토를 바른 뒤 약간 녹색을 띠는 투명유를 칠했다. 다만 뚜껑 내면, 통의 외부 바닥면은 태토를 드러냈다. \r\n　이 경통의 부석품으로는 백자 작은 항아리, 손칼, 합의 뚜껑이 있다. 작은 항아리에는 큰 균열이 있으며, 구연부가 일부 결손되었다. 모두 경총의 부장품으로 여겨진다.","@language":"ko"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/100028001001/1/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":200,"width":158},"viewingHint":"individuals","viewingDirection":"","license":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/about","attribution":[{"@value":"独立行政法人国立文化財機構","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"National Institutes for Cultural Heritage","@language":"en"},{"@value":"国立文化财机构","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"국립문화재기구","@language":"ko"}],"logo":[{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/assets/img/logo.png"}],"rendering":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/detail?langId=ja&webView=&content_base_id=100028&content_part_id=0&content_pict_id=0","label":[{"@value":"e国宝 - 白釉経筒","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"e-Museum - White-glazed sutra container","@language":"en"},{"@value":"e国宝 - 白釉经筒","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"e국보 - 백유 경통","@language":"ko"}],"format":"text/html"},"sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100028001001.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"1","height":7243,"width":5723,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100028001001.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100028001001.tif","profile":["http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",{"formats":["jpg"],"qualities":["native","color","gray"],"supports":["regionByPct","sizeByForcedWh","sizeByWh","sizeAboveFull","rotationBy90s","mirroring","gray"]}]},"height":7243,"width":5723},"on":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100028001001.tif#xywh=0,0,5723,7243"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/100028001001/1/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image"}},{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100028001002.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"2","height":7243,"width":5723,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100028001002.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100028001002.tif","profile":["http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",{"formats":["jpg"],"qualities":["native","color","gray"],"supports":["regionByPct","sizeByForcedWh","sizeByWh","sizeAboveFull","rotationBy90s","mirroring","gray"]}]},"height":7243,"width":5723},"on":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100028001002.tif#xywh=0,0,5723,7243"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/100028001002/2/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image"}}]}]}