{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiifapi/100024000/manifest.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":[{"@value":"e国宝 - 緑釉四足壺","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"e-Museum - Green-glazed jar with four legs","@language":"en"},{"@value":"e国宝 - 绿釉四足罐","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"e국보 - 녹유 네 발 항아리","@language":"ko"}],"metadata":[{"label":[{"@value":"指定区分","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Designation","@language":"en"},{"@value":"指定等级","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"문화재 지정 구분","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"重要文化財","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Important Cultural Property","@language":"en"},{"@value":"重要文化财","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"중요문화재","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"分野","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Category","@language":"en"},{"@value":"类别","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"분야","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"陶磁","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Ceramics","@language":"en"},{"@value":"陶瓷","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"도자","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"名称よみ","@language":"ja"}],"value":[{"@value":"りょくゆうしそくこ","@language":"ja"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"指定名称","@language":"ja"}],"value":[{"@value":"緑釉四足壺","@language":"ja"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"作者","@language":"zh"}],"value":[{"@value":"猿投","@language":"zh"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"制作","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Production","@language":"en"},{"@value":"제작","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"猿投","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Sanage kiln","@language":"en"},{"@value":"사나게","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"員数","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Quantity","@language":"en"},{"@value":"数量","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"수량","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"1口","@language":"ja"},{"@value":" ","@language":"en"},{"@value":"1只","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"1점","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"品質形状","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Media","@language":"en"},{"@value":"材质形状","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"재질/형태","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"陶器","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Ceramic","@language":"en"},{"@value":"陶器","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"도기","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"法量","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Dimensions","@language":"en"},{"@value":"尺寸","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"크기","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"高18.8　口径8.8　胴径22.9","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Height 18.8 cm, diameter of mouth 8.8 cm, diameter of body 22.9 cm","@language":"en"},{"@value":"高18.8 口径8.8 腹径22.9","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"높이 18.8, 입 지름 8.8, 몸통 지름 22.9","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"時代・世紀","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Period,Century","@language":"en"},{"@value":"年代・世纪","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"시대・세기","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"平安時代　9世紀","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Heian period, 9th century","@language":"en"},{"@value":"平安时代 9世纪","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"헤이안시대, 9세기","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"所蔵者","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Owner","@language":"en"},{"@value":"收藏家","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"소장자","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"九州国立博物館","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Kyushu National Museum","@language":"en"},{"@value":"九州国立博物馆","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"규슈국립박물관","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"各館作品番号","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Collection reference no.","@language":"en"},{"@value":"机构管理序号","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"기관관리번호","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"G18","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"G18","@language":"en"},{"@value":"G18","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"G18","@language":"ko"}]}],"description":[{"@value":"　釉薬（ゆうやく）はその熔ける温度によって900度以下の低火度釉と1200度以上という高火度釉に分けられる。日本で最初に焼かれた施釉陶（せゆうとう）は鉛を原料とした低火度釉であった。奈良三彩（ならさんさい）などが代表的であるが、それより早く既に７世紀後半にはその技術が日本に伝わっていた。奈良の川原寺の緑釉塼（りょくゆうせん）や塚廻古墳の緑釉棺台（かんだい）が最も早い例という。\r\n　奈良時代、唐三彩（とうさんさい）が日本にもたらされた影響を受け、日本でも三彩陶が作られるようになった。緑と褐に白の三色の彩りであったが、次第に緑と白の二色に、さらには緑彩のみとなる。平安時代には多彩陶は見られなくなり、緑釉のみが中国越州窯（えっしゅうよう）の青磁を写すものとして使われるようになった。\r\n　この緑釉四足壺も越州窯青磁を手本として作られた。ただし、本歌が小型四足壺であったのに対して、猿投窯は通常の壺のサイズに大きくして作った。唐三彩写しの奈良三彩の壺が、唐の造形と異なり、奈良時代の須恵器壺に見られる強い造形を見せたのに対し、猿投窯の緑釉四足壺は唐三彩の壺を思わせるゆったりとした造形となっている。胴に凸帯を3段に貼り付け、それに直交させて四本の凸帯を下方に向けて貼り付け、先端は獣脚へと続く。\r\n　緑釉四足壺には火葬蔵骨器（かそうぞうこつき）としての使用例が知られており、この四足壺もそうしたものであったのであろう。白い土の上で緑釉が鮮やかな明るい発色を見せており、猿投窯の緑釉の到達点というべき技術の高さを見ることができる。","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Glazes can be classified into two categories, depending on their melting temperatures. Low-fire glazes melt at temperatures below 900°C (1652°F), while high-fire glazes melt at temperatures above 1200°C (2192°F). Glazing technology had entered Japan as early as the seventh century, with the first glazed ceramics in Japan being covered in low-fire glaze made with lead. The most representative of these, however, were tri-color glazed works from the Nara period (8th century). Some of the earliest examples include green-glazed tiles from Kawara Temple in Nara, and a green-glazed coffin from the Tsukamawari tumulus.\r\n\r\nDuring the Nara period, the Japanese ceramists were heavily influenced by the arrival of tri-color glazed ceramics from Tang China, and sought to produce their own. Initially, they decorated their ceramics in green, brown, and white, but slowly reduced them to green and white, before eventually settling on producing monochrome green-glazed products. By the subsequent Heian period (8th–12th century), polychrome glazed ceramics all but faded into obscurity, and ceramists used green glazes alone to mimic the celadon products from the Yuezhou kilns in China.\r\n\r\nThis four-legged jar, too, was modeled after a Yuezhou celadon work. This work, like others created in the Sanage kiln, was made larger than the originals they were based on. In fact, the gentle curves of Sanage jars are more reminiscent of Tang tri-colored ceramics than Nara tri-colored ceramics, which, although intended as imitations of their Tang cousins, often bore bold forms more closely resembling pre-Nara-period Japanese <i>sue</i>-ware jars. In addition to glazed decorations, this jar has three applied belts encircling its body, which intersect with four applied vertical bands that connect to the beast-like feet supporting it. The lucent green of the glaze covering the jar’s white body speaks to the Sanage kiln ceramists’ mastery of green-glazing techniques.\r\n\r\nThere are known instances of green-glazed four-legged jars being used as funerary urns, which makes it likely that this jar was also used as one.","@language":"en"},{"@value":"　　陶瓷釉料根据熔融温度的高低，可分为900℃以下的低温釉和1200℃以上的高温釉。日本最早的釉陶使用的是以铅为助熔剂的低温釉，代表作品为奈良三彩。不过低温釉工艺早在7世纪就已传入日本，最早期的作品有奈良川原寺的绿釉砖和冢回古坟的绿釉棺椁台座等。\r\n　　进入奈良时代（710年-794年），受唐三彩的影响，日本也开始制作三彩陶器。起初以绿、褐、白色构成三彩，后来逐渐变成绿、白双彩，之后进一步演变为绿色单彩。到了平安时代（794年-1192年），日本不再烧制三彩或双彩陶器，而仅剩绿釉陶作为对中国越州窑青瓷的仿品，沿用下来。\r\n　　这件烧造于日本猿投窑的绿釉四足壶也以越州窑青瓷为蓝本，不同的是两者的尺寸，越州窑本为小壶，而此壶将其放大成了常规陶壶的大小。而且，此绿釉四足壶在造型方面也颇有特点，外形圆润大方，有着唐三彩壶的风范，不同于奈良三彩壶。后者虽然仿唐三彩壶，却并未完全模仿其器形，而更多地体现了奈良时代的须惠器（日本灰陶）壶所具有的紧凑有力的造型特点。\r\n　　此壶壶体贴塑三道凸弦纹，另有四道凸起的竖纹与之垂直相交，向下连接四只兽足。曾有资料显示绿釉四足壶被用作火葬后的骨灰壶，由此推想此壶或许也做此用。此壶以白泥为底，绿釉发色鲜亮，烧造技术高超，体现了猿投窑绿釉陶的最高水平。","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"　유약은 녹는 온도에 따라, 900도 이하의 저화도유와 1200도 이상의 고화도유로 나뉜다. 일본에서 최초로 소성된 시유 도기는 납을 원료로 한 저화도유를 사용했다. 나라삼채 등이 대표적인 예이나, 이보다 이른 7세기 후반에는 이미 이 기술이 일본에 전해져 있었다. 나라 지역의 사찰 가와라데라 절의 녹유 전(벽돌)과 쓰카마와리 고분의 녹유 관대가 가장 빠른 예로 여겨진다.  \r\n　나라시대 일본에 당삼채가 전해진 영향으로 일본에서도 삼채 도기가 제작되었다. 녹색, 갈색, 흰색의 삼색이었으나, 점차 녹색과 흰색의 이색으로, 더 나아가 녹채만으로 제작되었다. 헤이안시대에는 다채 도기는 찾아 볼 수 없게 되었으며, 녹유만이 중국 월주요 청자의 모방품으로 쓰였다. \r\n　이 녹유 네 발 항아리는 중국 월주요의 청자를 모델로 삼아 제작되었다. 다만 모델 작품은 소형 네 발 항아리였던 것에 반해, 사나게요에서는 보편적인 항아리 규모로 크게 만들었다. 당삼채 모방품인 나라삼채 항아리가 당나라의 조형과 달리 나라시대의 스에키 항아리에서 볼 수 있는 강인한 조형을 나타내는 것에 반해, 사나게요의 녹유 네발 항아리는 당삼채 항아리를 연상시키는 느슨한 조형을 보인다. 몸통에는 가로로 돌기띠를 3단 붙였고, 이와 직교하는 형태로 4줄의 돌기띠를 붙여 그 끝부분을 짐승 모양 발로 이었다. \r\n　녹유 네 발 항아리는 화장 장골기로서 쓰인 예가 알려져 있으며, 이 네 발 항아리도 동일한 용도의 것으로 추측된다. 백색 태토 위에 녹유가 선명하면서 아름다운 발색을 보이고 있으며, 사나게요의 녹유의 도달점이라 부를 높은 기술을 볼 수 있다.","@language":"ko"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/100024001003/3/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":158,"width":200},"viewingHint":"individuals","viewingDirection":"","license":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/about","attribution":[{"@value":"独立行政法人国立文化財機構","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"National Institutes for Cultural Heritage","@language":"en"},{"@value":"国立文化财机构","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"국립문화재기구","@language":"ko"}],"logo":[{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/assets/img/logo.png"}],"rendering":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/detail?langId=ja&webView=&content_base_id=100024&content_part_id=0&content_pict_id=0","label":[{"@value":"e国宝 - 緑釉四足壺","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"e-Museum - Green-glazed jar with four legs","@language":"en"},{"@value":"e国宝 - 绿釉四足罐","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"e국보 - 녹유 네 발 항아리","@language":"ko"}],"format":"text/html"},"sequences":[{"@type":"sc:Sequence","canvases":[{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100024001003.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"1","height":5723,"width":7243,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100024001003.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100024001003.tif","profile":["http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",{"formats":["jpg"],"qualities":["native","color","gray"],"supports":["regionByPct","sizeByForcedWh","sizeByWh","sizeAboveFull","rotationBy90s","mirroring","gray"]}]},"height":5723,"width":7243},"on":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100024001003.tif#xywh=0,0,7243,5723"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/100024001003/3/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image"}},{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100024001002.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"sc:Canvas","label":"2","height":5723,"width":7243,"images":[{"@type":"oa:Annotation","@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","motivation":"sc:painting","resource":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100024001002.tif/full/full/0/default.jpg","@type":"dctypes:Image","format":"image/jpeg","service":{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/image/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100024001002.tif","profile":["http://iiif.io/api/image/2/level1.json",{"formats":["jpg"],"qualities":["native","color","gray"],"supports":["regionByPct","sizeByForcedWh","sizeByWh","sizeAboveFull","rotationBy90s","mirroring","gray"]}]},"height":5723,"width":7243},"on":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiif/?IIIF=/100024001002.tif#xywh=0,0,7243,5723"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/100024001002/2/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image"}}]}]}