{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/2/context.json","@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/iiifapi/100022000/manifest.json","@type":"sc:Manifest","label":[{"@value":"e国宝 - 油滴天目","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"e-Museum - Tea bowl (yuteki tenmoku type)","@language":"en"},{"@value":"e国宝 - 油滴天目","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"e국보 - 유적천목다완","@language":"ko"}],"metadata":[{"label":[{"@value":"指定区分","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Designation","@language":"en"},{"@value":"指定等级","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"문화재 지정 구분","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"重要文化財","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Important Cultural Property","@language":"en"},{"@value":"重要文化财","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"중요문화재","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"分野","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Category","@language":"en"},{"@value":"类别","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"분야","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"陶磁","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Ceramics","@language":"en"},{"@value":"陶瓷","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"도자","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"名称よみ","@language":"ja"}],"value":[{"@value":"ゆてきてんもく","@language":"ja"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"指定名称","@language":"ja"}],"value":[{"@value":"油滴天目茶碗","@language":"ja"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"作者","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"작자","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"中国 建窑","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"건요","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"制作","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Production","@language":"en"}],"value":[{"@value":"中国・建窯","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Jian kilns, China","@language":"en"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"員数","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Quantity","@language":"en"},{"@value":"数量","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"수량","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"1口","@language":"ja"},{"@value":" ","@language":"en"},{"@value":"1只","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"1구","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"品質形状","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Media","@language":"en"},{"@value":"材质形状","@language":"zh"}],"value":[{"@value":"陶器","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Ceramic","@language":"en"},{"@value":"陶器","@language":"zh"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"法量","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Dimensions","@language":"en"},{"@value":"尺寸","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"크기","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"高7.0 口径12.6","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Height 7.0 cm, diameter of mouth 12.6 cm","@language":"en"},{"@value":"高7.0 口径12.6","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"높이 7.0","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"時代・世紀","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Period,Century","@language":"en"},{"@value":"年代・世纪","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"시대・세기","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"中国・南宋時代 13世紀","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Southern Song dynasty (China), 13th century","@language":"en"},{"@value":"南宋 13世纪","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"남송시대 12~13세기","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"所蔵者","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Owner","@language":"en"},{"@value":"收藏家","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"소장자","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"九州国立博物館","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Kyushu National Museum","@language":"en"},{"@value":"九州国立博物馆","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"규슈국립박물관","@language":"ko"}]},{"label":[{"@value":"各館作品番号","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"Collection reference no.","@language":"en"},{"@value":"机构管理序号","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"기관관리번호","@language":"ko"}],"value":[{"@value":"G16","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"G16","@language":"en"},{"@value":"G16","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"G16","@language":"ko"}]}],"description":[{"@value":" 高台周辺を除いて全体に掛けられた漆黒(しっこく)の釉(うわぐすり)、その内・外面の黒い地に銀色に輝く斑紋(はんもん)が浮かび上がる。「油滴」の名はその美しさが油の滴のようであるところからという。現在では油滴天目茶碗と呼ばれるが、室町時代には「油滴」、「油滴天目」と呼ばれていた。中国福建省北部の水吉鎮にある建窯で焼かれた碗である。\r\n 建窯で焼かれた黒い釉薬の掛かった碗は「建盞(けんさん)」の名で呼ばれる。中国で喫茶(きっさ)の碗として最高のものとされ、日本でも既に鎌倉時代にはその名が文献に現れている。建盞は黒い釉地に細く短い線状の模様が現れ、これをイネ科の植物の禾(のぎ)に見立てて「禾目(のぎめ)」の名で呼ばれる。そうした建盞の中で、釉内の鉱物が再結晶することで斑紋として現れたものが油滴であった。\r\n 室町将軍家の座敷飾(ざしきかざり)のマニュアル書で、その当時の価値観を知ることのできるものに『君臺観左右帳記(くんたいかんそうちょうき)』がある。前半には床を飾る絵画に関連して、画人の評価と得意とする画題が記されている。後半に「書院之次第」として、そこを飾るのに用いる唐物(からもの)の茶入や喫茶の碗などについての記述がある。そこで「土之物」という項目が立てられ、喫茶の碗の中で磁器ではないもの、現在で言う天目についての記述がある。それによれば、土之物の中で最高とされるのは、曜変。これに継ぐものとして挙げられているのが油滴であった。\r\n この碗の内箱には「ゆてき」と、さらに「天目」と墨書されている。これは千利休あるいは古田織部の筆によるという。江戸後期の大名茶人松平不昧公(まつだいらふまいこう)の所蔵するところとなり、不昧の蔵帳である『雲州蔵帳 大名物部(うんしゅうくらちょう だいめいぶつぶ)』には「油滴 古織 土井利勝 木下長保 伏見屋」と記されている。\r\n 油滴の中でも天目形の姿の美しさ、そして現れた油滴の斑紋の美しさで知られる名碗である。","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"With the exception of its raised base, this tea bowl is covered in a jet-black glaze, over which silvery spots seem to float. In Japan today, tea bowls (chawan) decorated with this beautiful pattern are collectively known as yuteki tenmoku chawan. Yuteki literally means “oil drops,” a name that may have been inspired by the pattern, while tenmoku broadly refers to the form of the bowl. In fact, during the Muromachi period (14th–16th century), they used to be simply known as yuteki or yuteki tenmoku. These bowls originated in the Jian kilns, located in the town of Shuiji in northern Fujian, China.\r\n\r\nBlack-glazed tenmoku tea bowls fired in the Jian kilns are known collectively in Japan as kensan 建盞, or “Jian tea bowls.” They were considered the most prestigious of bowls used to drink tea in China, and have appeared in Japanese texts from as early as the Kamakura period (12th–14th century). Different kinds of patterns tend to emerge from the black-glazed ground of these tea bowls during the firing process. Some take the form of thin, short lines which the Japanese likened to rice grains (nogi); Jian tea bowls with this design are thus sometimes referred to as nogime in Japanese. Yuteki, meanwhile, refers to Jian tea bowls whereby the re-crystallization of minerals in the glaze has resulted in rounder, spot-like patterns.\r\n \r\nWe can get a glimpse of how Japanese people in the past viewed these imported Jian tea bowls through how they wrote about them in books. One such book is the Kun taikan sōchō ki, a manual owned by the Muromachi shogunal family detailing how to decorate a reception room (zashiki). The first half of the book covers how to decorate the alcove (toko) in the reception room with paintings, and includes critical analysis about different painters and the themes with which they specialize in working. The second half of the book, which shifts the focus to the study room (shoin), talks about the use of imported Chinese objects (karamono) like tea caddies and tea bowls as decorations. One of the categories of decorations mentioned is earthenware, to which non-porcelain tea bowls, i.e. tenmoku tea bowls, belong. According to this book, the most prized of tenmoku is a type known as yōhen, while yuteki comes in second.\r\n\r\nThe box in which this bowl came bears the words yuteki and tenmoku written on it in ink. The calligraphy of these words is attributed to either Sen no Rikyū or Furuta Oribe, both significant figures in the history of Japanese tea ceremonies. The bowl once passed through the hands of late-Edo-period feudal lord and tea practitioner Matsudaira Fumai. Its entry in the storehouse catalog (Unshū kurachō: daimyō butsubu) reads “Yuteki” followed by a list of names: “Koshoku; Doi Toshikatsu; Kinoshita Nagayasu, Fushimi-ya.” Of these, “Koshoku” 古織 was an alternative way of referring to Furuta Oribe 古田織部.\r\n\r\nThough there are many bowls of the yuteki tenmoku type, this particular object stands out for its exceptionally refined shape and patterning, to which it owes its fame.","@language":"en"},{"@value":" 此茶碗内外涂满了漆黑的色釉,只有圈足附近露出胎体。漆黑底色映衬下,银色斑点赫然浮现。它的美在于形似油珠的斑点,“油滴”之名由此得来。“油滴天目茶碗”是现在的名称,过去在室町时代,曾被称为“油滴”或“油滴天目”。\r\n 此茶碗烧造于中国福建省北部水吉镇的建窑。建窑出品的黑釉碗也称“建盏”,在中国被视为最高级的品茶用碗,在日本也早在镰仓时代便已出现相关文献记载。不过,日本人将黑漆背景下细密的短线条看作禾本科谷物的穗子,为建盏取名“禾目”。禾目建盏中,一部分又因釉中的矿物质再次结晶而形成斑点,被称为“油滴”。\r\n 日本流传着一部室町将军府古典客厅的布置手册,题为《君台观左右账记》,可以了解当时的审美取向。书的前半部是有关壁龛装饰画的内容,记载了对画家的评价及其擅长的画作题材。后半部为“书院布置”,对书院所用的唐物茶末罐和茶碗等进行了记述。其中列有“土之物”一项,记录了茶碗中非瓷器之物,即现在所说的天目、天目茶碗。据该书记载,“土之物”中以“曜变”为极品,其次为“油滴”。\r\n 此天目茶碗的外盒上用墨笔题写了“油滴天目”,其中“油滴”以日语平假名文字书写,据说出自千利休或古田织部之手。江户后期,此茶碗成为“大名”领主、茶人松平不昧公的藏品,其藏品手册《云州藏账 大名物部》中记载着“油滴 古织 土井利胜 木下长存 伏见屋”,为历代收藏者的信息。\r\n 此油滴天目茶碗堪称名品,以兼具天目形盏的造型之美和形似油珠的斑点之美而著称。","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"받침대 주변을 제외하고 전체에 걸쳐진 칠흑 유약, 내면과 외면의 검은 표면에 은색으로 빛나는 반점 문양이 떠 오른다. 「유적」이라는 이름은 그 아름다움이 기름의 흔적과 닮았기 때문이라고 한다. 현재는 유적천목다완이라고 불리지만 무로마치 시대에는 「유적」, 「유적천목」이라고 불려졌다. 중국 복건성 북부의 수길진에 있는 도자기 가마에서 구워진 그릇이다.\n도자기가마에서 구워진 검은 유약이 발라진 그릇은 「건잔」이라는 이름으로 불린다. 중국에서 찻잔으로 사용되는 잔으로 최고의 것으로 치며, 일본에서도 이미 가마쿠라 시대에는 그 이름이 문헌에 보여지고 있다. 건잔은 검은 유지(釉地)에 가늘고 짧은 선 상태의 무늬가 있어, 이를 벼과 식물의 까끄라기에 빗대어 「노기메」라는 이름으로 불린다. 이러한 건잔 중에 유내의 광물과 재결정하여 반점 무늬로 나타나는 것이 유적이다.\n무로마치 장군가의 사랑방 장식 매뉴얼 책에 그 당시의 가치관을 알수 있는 『군대관좌우장기』가 있다. 전반부에는 마루를 장식하는 회화(그림)에 관하여 화가의 평가와 자신 있는 그림의 주제가 기록되어 있다. 후반부에는「서원지차제」라고 해서 그곳을 장식하는데 사용한 가라모노의 차 도구나 찻잔 등에 대하여 기술되어 있다. 여기서 「토지물」이라고 하는 항목이 언급되어 있는데 찻잔 중에 자기가 아닌 것들 즉 지금의 천목, 천목찻잔에 대한 기술이 있다. 이에 따르면 토지물 중에서 최고로 치는 것은 요변이다. 그 다음으로 치는 것으로 거론된 것이 유적이었다.\n이 잔의 안쪽 상자에는 「유적」과 더불어 「천목」이라는 먹 글씨가 쓰여 있다. 이것은 센리큐 또는 요시다 오리베의 붓에 의한 것이라고 한다. 에도 후기의 다이묘 다인 마쓰다이라 후마이코의 소장품이 되었으며 그의 소장 목록인 『운주장장 대명물부』에는 「유적 고직 토정리승 목하장존 복견옥」이라고 써 있다.\n유적 중에서도 천목형의 모습의 아름다움과 유적의 반점 무늬의 아름다움으로 알려진 명품 찻잔이다.","@language":"ko"}],"thumbnail":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/img/content/100022001002/2/thumbnail.jpeg","@type":"dctypes:Image","height":158,"width":200},"viewingHint":"individuals","viewingDirection":"","license":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/about","attribution":[{"@value":"独立行政法人国立文化財機構","@language":"ja"},{"@value":"National Institutes for Cultural Heritage","@language":"en"},{"@value":"国立文化财机构","@language":"zh"},{"@value":"국립문화재기구","@language":"ko"}],"logo":[{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/assets/img/logo.png"}],"rendering":{"@id":"https://emuseum.nich.go.jp/detail?langId=ja&webView=&content_base_id=100022&content_part_id=0&content_pict_id=0","label":[{"@value":"e国宝 - 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